Abnormal vaginal bleeding requires gynecological examination, such as gynecological examination, human papillomavirus screening, cervical liquid-based thin-layer cytology test, etc.; laboratory tests, such as blood routine, liver function, sex hormones, etc.; imaging tests, such as ultrasound of uterine adnexa; biopsy and pathology can be performed when cervical or endometrial pathology is suspected, etc.; the specific items can be selected according to the specific conditions. 1. Gynecological examination: gynecological examination should be performed to observe the source of abnormal vaginal bleeding, whether it comes from the uterine cavity or cervix or the vagina; if the bleeding is from the cervix, further cervical cancer screening such as human papillomavirus (HPV) screening and cervical liquid-based thin-layer cytology (CLCS) can be performed; 2. Laboratory tests: routine blood, coagulation, and liver function tests should be done to determine whether the vaginal bleeding is related to infection and whether it is causing anemia. Pituitary and ovarian hormones may be checked to clarify whether vaginal bleeding is caused by changes in hormone levels. Blood HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) may be checked to clarify whether the bleeding is related to pregnancy, preeclampsia or ectopic pregnancy. 3. Imaging examination: Since vaginal bleeding may be related to gynecological inflammatory diseases, abnormal pregnancy, tumors and other diseases, ultrasound examination is needed to clarify whether the size and internal structure of the uterus and ovaries are normal. 4. Pathological examination: for those who suspect uterine and endometrial lesions, biopsy of endometrium and cervix can be performed to determine whether vaginal bleeding is related to cervical cancer and endometrial lesions. Since there are many reasons for abnormal vaginal bleeding, patients are advised to follow the doctor’s instructions and choose the appropriate items for examination according to the specific situation.