Cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter are both malignant tumors that grow in the urinary tract. Treatment usually involves radical resection of the kidney, the entire length of the ureter, and a portion of the bladder. However, in some cases, for example, the patient has only one kidney, or one of the 2 kidneys has been removed in the past due to disease, or the opposite side of the kidney is functioning poorly. In this case, if the only kidney is removed, the patient will develop uremia due to the inability to detoxify the body through urine and will need lifelong dialysis, which will have a great impact on the patient’s life and health. The development of modern technology provides these patients with the option of preserving their kidneys. If the tumor is not too large and the patient wishes to preserve the kidney, after comprehensive evaluation, we can consider removing the tumor only and preserving the kidney, with postoperative adjuvant treatment and close observation. There are various options for kidney preservation surgery. The tumor can be removed by inserting a ureteral rigid or flexible scope through the urethra, or the tumor can be removed from the renal pelvis or the upper part of the ureter by punching an eye from the waist and entering the urinary drainage tube through a nephroscope. Ureteral tumors can also be removed laparoscopically through an eyelet in the abdomen, and the remaining duct can be connected to resume urination. When these minimally invasive techniques are not available, the tumor can also be removed and the urinary drainage tube repaired using traditional open surgery. In this way, patients can avoid dialysis and significantly improve their quality of life.