Polypoid lesions of the colon and rectum are a common clinical condition. Polyps can be morphologically classified as single or multiple, tipped or broad-based polyps (polyps without a tip). Among the pathological types of adenomatous polyps, they can be classified as tubular adenoma, tubular villous adenoma (a mixture of tubular and villous structures), and villous adenoma. Among them, the natural course of choriocapillary adenoma progresses, mostly in six months to one year, with carcinoma appearing and progressing to carcinoma in situ or progressive carcinoma. Treatment of colorectal polyps can be done by endoscopic electrodesection and surgical procedures. Single or several tipped polyps can be removed by colonoscopic electrosurgery, while low rectal and anal canal wide based polyps can be removed through the anal canal. There are three levels of disease prevention: primary prevention is etiological prevention, i.e., prevention before the disease appears, such as vaccination. The second level is preclinical prevention, i.e., treatment at an early stage of the disease to minimize the damage to the body, such as early antibiotic treatment for pneumonia. The third level is clinical prevention, i.e., treatment after the disease has caused damage to the organism to reduce complications. Depending on the time of treatment intervention, the degree of damage reduction of the disease varies, e.g., treatment of severe pneumonia aims to prevent complications such as heart failure. In the United States, fecal occult blood testing every 1 year, sigmoidoscopy every 3 years, and total colonoscopy every 10 years until age 75 are recommended for people over 50. For high-risk patients, such as those with relatives with colorectal cancer, screening needs to be brought forward, or multiple times. For patients with adenomatous polyps, their colonoscopy strategy is shown in the table below. Broad-based polyps have a high chance of malignancy, and their early detection is of great significance to stop the progression of the disease. If early endoscopic resection by colonoscopy or anoscopy for adenomatous polyps of the colon or rectum can be as widespread as cervical acetate staining (early diagnosis of cervical cancer), then primary or secondary prevention can be achieved for colorectal cancer. This means that the radical surgery for low rectal cancer of removal of anus + colostomy will be completely abandoned, and the anal function will be well preserved for patients with high risk of rectal cancer. Also avoiding abdominal bowel surgery means avoiding the risk of postoperative adhesive bowel obstruction. All patients who have undergone open gastrointestinal surgery have varying degrees of abdominal bowel adhesions, resulting in reduced feeding, wasting, and constipation, with less severe adhesions due to laparoscopic surgery and severe intestinal obstruction. Patients whose conservative treatment for intestinal obstruction is ineffective need to undergo open surgery, while repeated open surgery will further aggravate intestinal adhesions, forming a vicious circle. Therefore, early prevention of colorectal cancer can not only ensure the quality of life of the high-risk group, but also reduce the burden of health insurance for the government and individuals for the disease.