Treatment of 12-segment compression fractures of the thoracic spine should be conservative or surgical depending on the degree of compression or the presence or absence of combined neurological symptoms. In general, conservative treatment can be considered for compression fractures with a remaining height of 2/3 or more. Conservative treatment includes bed rest, symptomatic treatment including neurotrophy or local pain relief, etc. In cases where the remaining height of the compression fracture is less than 2/3 or even lower, surgical treatment should be performed. Surgery can be performed with the help of anesthesia and fluoroscopy to restore the height of the vertebral body by injecting bone cement, or the vertebral body can be propped up by driving a pedicle nail into the posterior part of the vertebral body.