Perineal pain in women can be caused by a variety of factors and is a common clinical presentation in obstetrics and gynecology clinics, affecting the quality of life of many women. The causes of perineal pain in women can be broadly divided into several categories: first, vulvovaginal inflammation. Inflammation is the most common cause of pain in the perineum. Inflammation of the vulva and vagina not only causes perineal pain, but also vulvovaginal itching and abnormal vaginal discharge. If inflammation is suspected to cause perineal pain, patients are advised to consult a local hospital for relevant laboratory tests and, if necessary, topical medication. Secondly, obstruction of perineal venous reflux. When the pelvic venous return is obstructed in women, swelling and pain in the perineum can occur. Patients can relieve the pain symptoms by local heat and physical therapy. Third, trauma factor. Women are prone to trauma to the perineum. The perineum is rich in blood vessels and nerve endings, so after external injury, perineal hematoma and perineal pain symptoms may occur. As the injury gradually recovers, the painful symptoms can be gradually relieved. In summary, the causes of perineal pain in women may include vulvovaginal inflammation, venous reflux obstruction and trauma.