Mycosis fungoides, also known as Candida albicans vaginitis, is a common gynecological disease that is caused by a fungal infection called Candida albicans that affects the genitals. The disease spreads easily among women and causes symptoms such as increased leucorrhea and itching in the pubic area. Since the disease can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, the World Health Organization has included it among sexually transmitted diseases.
Candida albicans is a kind of putrefactive parasitic bacteria, which usually lives in human skin, mucous membrane, digestive tract and other organs. When the resistance of the organism decreases, Candida albicans will multiply and when it reaches a certain amount, the human body will develop the disease, so Candida albicans is a conditionally pathogenic bacteria. In women, when the glycogen of vaginal epithelial cells increases and acidity is enhanced, Candida albicans will multiply and cause vaginitis, so this disease is common in pregnant women, diabetic patients and patients receiving estrogen therapy. In addition, the disease can be transmitted sexually, on the grounds that couples often develop the disease at the same time, and of course, Candida albicans can also be transmitted through public baths, bath tubs, bath towels, swimsuits, clothing, medical devices and dressings.
Route of infection.
Although 10%-20% of healthy women carry Candida in their vagina, and there are special circumstances in life such as long-term antibiotic use and diabetes that can trigger vaginal Candida infection, many times mycosis can also come from outside infections. When a woman has sexual contact with a man who has a positive culture for Candida, the infection rate is 80%; about 1/2 of men who have sexual contact with a woman with mycosis vaginalis will be infected. In other words, mycotic vaginitis can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, which is the reason why the spouse of a woman with mycotic vaginitis should be treated at the same time.
In addition, indirect contact is also a way of transmission of mycotic vaginitis. Contact with the toilet seat, bath tub, bath chair, towels, and unclean toilet paper can cause transmission when the infected person reaches a certain number of Candida vulvae.
The clinical manifestations of mycosis vaginalis are mainly the following two aspects.
1, increased leucorrhea: leucorrhea is white, yellow watery or pus-like, in which there is white curd-like or tofu-like residue-like material, slightly smelly, or with blood under the belt.
2, vulvar and vaginal irritation symptoms: manifested as intense itching, affecting sleep and work, symptoms generally range from mild to intolerable, patients often scratch unconsciously, thus leading to vulvar swelling, flushing, even redness, ulceration, and burning sensation.
Laboratory tests for mycosis fungoides.
In addition to the typical symptoms and signs, laboratory tests are essential for the diagnosis of genital candidiasis. The diagnosis is usually made by direct microscopic examination of the secretions, and the culture of Candida albicans can be used if available to make a clearer diagnosis. Take a small amount of secretions on a glass slide, add a drop of potassium hydroxide or isotonic sodium chloride solution, cover the slide, placed under the microscope, can see the spores and mycelium of Candida albicans.
Treatment methods.
1.Oral drugs.
(1) Mycobacterium contortus for internal and external use. Internally, 500,000 units each time, 4 times a day. Externally as a suppository, each suppository is 250,000 units.
(2) Fluconazole, also known as Daflucon, usually takes effect with one oral dose of 150mg, but it is noteworthy as it is easy to recur after cure.
(3) Itraconazole, also known as Spironolactone, generally 100mg per dose, twice a day, for 10 days for a course of treatment.
2.External treatment method.
(1) Douche the vagina and vulva with 2% soda water, once a day for 10 times for a course of treatment. General rinse the vagina to be put into the vagina after the drug.
(2) Mycobacterium powder, tablets, suppositories, ointments into the vagina or coated in the pubic area, each time 100 to 200,000 units, once a day, 10 to 14 days for a course of treatment.
(3) Clotrimazole suppositories 500mg each time into the vagina, 3 to 4 times a day for 2 weeks.
How to prevent mycosis fungoides?
The normal human body itself is a carrier of Candida. Candida, as a symbiotic bacterium of the human body, may cause disease only under certain conditions. Therefore, prevention can be achieved by eliminating the pathogenic conditions that may cause mycosis vaginalis.
1. Exercise, have a balanced diet and do not eat foods with high sugar content.
2, good hygiene habits: wash your hands before going to the toilet; do not abuse unclean toilet paper; wipe your vulva from front to back after defecation; wash your vulva daily, change your underwear and put it in a ventilated place to dry; use your own basin and towels; wash your underwear and socks in different pots.
3, reasonable clothing: do not wear chemical fiber underwear, do not borrow and wear other people’s underwear, underwear and swimwear.
4. Avoid sitting toilets when using public toilets; advocate showering and not washing basin ponds; do not sit directly on bathroom chairs after bathing; do not swim in poorly disinfected pools.
5. Don’t pay excessive attention to hygiene: Some patients say they pay great attention to hygiene when they visit the clinic, washing their vulva 2-3 times a day and cleaning their vagina with a douche or hand each time. The vaginal environment is weakly acidic and there are many flora together. The mutual restraint between flora can inhibit the excessive growth of a certain genus of bacteria that can cause disease, which is a natural defense system of the body. Washing the vagina will undoubtedly destroy the weak acidic environment and the mutual restraint of the vaginal flora, which will make the vaginal epithelium less resistant to disease and cause vaginitis caused by Candida or other bacteria.
6, do not abuse antibiotics: long-term application of a large number of antibiotics will destroy the constraint relationship between vaginal bacteria, so that Candida lose the inhibition of excessive growth and cause disease.
7, active treatment of diabetes: diabetic patients can usually use soda water to wash the vulva, improve the pH of the vagina, inhibit the growth of mold.
If mycotic vaginitis occurs repeatedly in women on drug contraception, they should stop using the pill and use other methods of contraception instead.