Treatment of osteoporotic spine fractures is aimed at relieving pain, getting out of bed early, maintaining sagittal and coronal stability of the spine, and preventing delayed neurological symptoms. Patients with early pain symptoms are often treated with pain medication and brace braking, and bed rest is the mainstay of reduced activity. However, prolonged bed rest is generally not recommended for patients with osteoporosis because it only leads to a further decrease in bone density. In patients with thoracolumbar and sacral fractures, the acute pain period usually lasts 4 to 6 weeks, but sometimes more than 3 months. Opiate analgesics may be used for severe symptoms. However, in elderly patients, the use of such drugs may be accompanied by many other problems, such as the occurrence of occult re-fractures. Calcitonin nasal spray and bisphosphonates are effective anti-osteoporosis drugs and are also effective in relieving pain caused by fractures. Physical therapy is beneficial to the patient’s recovery, including proprioceptive training and muscle-strengthening exercises, both of which can significantly improve the patient’s status of life and reduce the risk of re-fracture. In the past, VCFs were considered to be a self-limiting disease with a good prognosis and rarely caused significant long-term sequelae. This view stemmed from the fact that nearly two-thirds of patients with VCFs were not detected by physicians, and that even when a diagnosis was made, symptoms could be quickly resolved with simple non-surgical treatment. However, recent cohort studies have found that virtually any vertebral fracture has a significant impact on the patient’s functional as well as physiological status, including causing acute and chronic pain, recurrent fractures, retrognathism, poor gastrointestinal function, and decreased pulmonary function, complications that reduce quality of life, increase hospitalization rates, and ultimately lead to increased mortality. The severity of pain in acute VCFs varies. Some patients may have only transient and mild symptoms, while others require hospitalization. Most patients experience significant pain relief within 4 weeks of the fracture, but sometimes the pain may persist for months, developing into chronic pain. Some studies suggest that persistent chronic pain symptoms are associated with imbalances in the sagittal plane of the spine. In addition, the more fractured segments there are, the greater the likelihood of progression to chronic pain. Pain caused by a fracture often worsens with daily activities (such as standing, sitting, or bending), and many patients may be allowed to stand for only a few minutes. Lying flat in bed can reduce symptoms, but as with other acute fractures, continued bed rest can cause further bone loss. In addition, VCFs and the resulting kyphotic deformity reduce overall trunk strength, resulting in limited mobility, increased bed rest, and a significantly reduced quality of life, as well as an increased risk of re-fracture elsewhere in the body. Numerous studies have shown that once a vertebral fracture has occurred, the risk of a recurrent spinal fracture increases 5 to 25 times, and the risk of a hip fracture also increases 5 times. One study investigated the ability of VCF patients to perform activities of daily living, which included walking, bending, dressing, carrying bags, climbing stairs, getting up, and getting up from a seat. It was found that only 13% of the patients were able to perform these activities comfortably, 40% felt difficulty, and 47% needed assistance from others. The deformity caused by the fracture may affect a variety of physiological functions of the body. The patient’s appearance is usually characterized by a lower height, excessive retroversion of the thoracic spine, a bulging abdomen, and a reduction in the physiological anterior lumbar convexity. Many active older adults are very unhappy and complain about this shape. In addition to the cosmetic effects, the deformity can lead to thoracic compression of the abdominal viscera, which can cause decreased appetite and weight loss in patients. A recent article also found that the incidence of recalcitrant reflux esophagitis was significantly increased in women with posterior convexity deformity due to osteoporosis; thus, the use of bisphosphonates was limited in this group of patients. Similarly, hyperkyphosis of the thoracic spine compresses lung tissue, significantly decreasing lung function and causing a decrease in exertional spirometry and expiratory volume. Patients are at significantly increased risk of dying from pulmonary complications.