Urinary fistula is the presence of abnormal channels between the urinary system and other systems and organs Here we focus on genitourinary fistulas, including vesicovaginal fistula urethrovaginal fistula and ureterovaginal fistula. Female urogenital fistulas are most often seen in women during childbirth, and are almost invisible in developed countries due to obstructed labor, but are still an important gynecological condition in developing countries. The common causes of female urethral fistula are diverse and include the following factors: 1. gynecological surgical injuries, such as cervical cancer, retroperitoneal tumors and other surgeries can cause damage to the bladder and ureter and form a urethral fistula; 2. birth injuries, such as fetal dew embedded in the mid-pelvis, can cause a vesicovaginal fistula or vesicoureterovaginal fistula. If the fetal dew is retained in the pelvic outlet for too long, urethrovaginal fistula and vaginal ring scar stenosis occur more often; 3, trauma, such as pelvic fracture, rough intercourse, etc.; 4, urinary tract malformation, such as congenital ectopic opening of the ureter; 5, advanced bladder tuberculosis, tumors, etc.