Collagenase chemolysis, also known as collagenase targeted nucleolysis, is a CT-guided procedure in which collagenase is accurately injected into and around the herniated disc, causing the herniated disc to dissolve and absorb, relieving the nerve root compression and achieving the same effect as surgical removal of the herniated disc. The rate of success can be over 90%. Since this treatment method is characterized by no damage to the central nucleus pulposus, little trauma, few complications, nerve protection and reliable efficacy, it has become one of the effective minimally invasive interventional treatment methods for cervical spondylosis and lumbar disc herniation caused by disc herniation. Collagenase chemolysis is to inject collagenase into and around the diseased disc herniation, relying on the pharmacological effect of collagenase decomposing collagen fibers to dissolve the collagen tissue, so that the herniation can be reduced or disappeared to relieve or eliminate its compression on the nerve tissue, thereby improving the patient’s clinical symptoms. Collagenase is an enzyme that mainly dissolves collagen and can effectively dissolve type I and type II collagen in the nucleus pulposus and fibrous rings. Collagenase solution with an osmotic pressure equal to that of human tissues does not damage tissue cells and nerve cells, and does not damage proteins such as hemoglobin, lactic casein, and keratin sulfate, etc. It can break down collagen fibers under normal physiological environment and acidity, so that they degrade into relevant amino acids and are absorbed by plasma . Collagenase is injected into and around the diseased disc herniation, relying on the pharmacological effect of collagenase to break down collagen fibers to dissolve the collagen tissue, and ozone mainly acts on mucopolysaccharide, and the combined effect of the two reduces or disappears the herniation to relieve or eliminate its compression on the nerve tissue, so that the patient’s clinical symptoms can be improved, and this treatment is called collagenolysis. The intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus tissue is mainly composed of mucopolysaccharide and collagen, and the Swedish scholar Carl Hirsch performed papaya rennet in 1959, so there is no need to apply antibiotics. If the operation is performed in a CT room without sterilization and the patient is in poor physical condition, antibiotics should be applied for 1 week after treatment. This is because in case of intervertebral space infection or epidural cavity infection, the management is more difficult. The method of prevention is to operate in a strictly sterile environment. Indications Clearly diagnosed cervical spondylosis or lumbar disc herniation. Those who have been ineffective after 1 to 3 months of regular conservative treatment; collagenase lysis is immediately feasible in severe patients. Contraindications Disc herniation with bony spinal stenosis; calcification of all or most of the herniated material; ossification of the ligamentum flavum and the posterior longitudinal ligament. Advantages 1. It can achieve the purpose of radical cure of the disease caused by herniated disc. Collagenase has specific solubility, which can dissolve the herniated disc tissue and release its compression on nerve roots and spinal cord. After the operation, pay attention to rest and rehabilitation exercises, generally not easy to recur. 2. High safety. The injection site is accurately entered under CT guidance, without damaging the central nucleus pulposus, nerves, blood vessels and other important structures. 3.Small trauma and less pain. No damage to bone and ligaments, maintaining the integrity of the spine. No pain during the operation. 4.Low cost and short hospital stay compared to traditional surgery. Generally, 10-14 days can be discharged from the hospital, which reduces the economic burden of patients.