Arterial blood gas analysis can be performed for pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, total carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, actual bicarbonate, base residual, and anion gap. Arterial blood gas analysis has clear treatment guidelines for related diseases such as cardiogenic shock, acute right heart failure, acute left heart failure, hepatopulmonary syndrome, end-stage pneumonia in the elderly, senile emphysema, senile respiratory failure and respiratory distress syndrome, and metabolic alkalosis. By using the above indices, it is possible to determine whether the patient has an acid-base imbalance, and whether there is a lack of oxygen, etc.