Due to the poor function of the protective laryngeal reflexes of infants and young children, food contained in the mouth is easy to choke into the trachea, especially when the child eats crying, laughing and playing is more likely to happen. Children often hold some toys and small items in their mouths or lie in bed to eat (such as candy, peanut rice, swallowed beans, soybeans, melon seeds, etc.), will pharyngeal cartilage too late to cover the top of the trachea, these things can fall into the trachea, when the child is eating or holding something in the mouth, if there is a sudden burst of coughing, followed by choking cough, foreign body aspiration should be considered. However, foreign body aspiration often goes undetected in most children, and many cases are not seen by a doctor in a timely manner. Severe cases of pediatric respiratory foreign body aspiration can lead to hypoxic brain damage or even death by asphyxiation because the foreign body is blocking the trachea or main bronchus. If a foreign body inhalation of the respiratory tract is not seen in time, the child can present with a persistent or recurrent cough, shortness of breath, throat growl, and hoarseness. Such children can be complicated by chronic or recurrent pneumonia, lung abscess, bronchiectasis, or hemoptysis. About half of the clinical cases of pediatric respiratory foreign body aspiration are diagnosed 24 hours after the foreign body is inhaled. The vast majority of children have a typical history, signs, and abnormalities on radiographs prior to removal of the foreign body during bronchoscopy. The authors have seen a case of a 9-year-old boy with a long history of pneumonia and lung abscess who was found to have a small plastic toy part in the bronchus of the left lower lobe of the lung on bronchoscopy, and neither the child nor the parents could recall when the child inhaled the toy into the trachea. On physical examination, the child may be found to have abnormal breathing sounds, such as wheezing and roaring. Croup, decreased breath sounds, these abnormal breath sounds are often heard in one side of the lung. Prevention: Choose toys appropriately for children of different ages, and use toys that the child cannot break into small pieces for the child to play with; foldable toys should be placed in appropriate locations or locked in the room, and teach the child not to play with it; do not let the little one drink milk from a bottle by himself unattended. Emergency treatment: Once you find a foreign body in the trachea of infants and children, do not panic; immediately call 120, call for help from the medical aid station; before the ambulance arrives at the scene, you can lift the child’s feet upside down, so that the child’s head is facing down, pat his back, or the rescuer sits on a chair, the child lying on his legs, the child’s head is facing down, the torso is tilted downward, with both hands on the back of the child Sometimes foreign bodies can be discharged by pounding or squeezing the center of the child’s back. If the rescue is ineffective, use both arms to hold the child from behind, make a fist with one hand, thumb facing inward, and place it between the patient’s navel and fenestra, and press the palm of the other hand on the fist, rhythmically pushing hard inward and upward to produce a strong airflow in the lungs from the trachea in order to expel the foreign body. Alternatively, deliver five heavy blows from the child’s back between the 2 shoulder blades, and if the back blows do not expel the foreign body, apply pressure from the upper abdomen. Hold the child by the waist and push upward and inward from the abdomen above the belly button, repeating 1-2 times if the foreign body cannot be expelled at one time. If the child is unconscious, perform CPR on site if necessary.