Cutaneous anthrax is a contagious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis infection, which can be contracted through direct or indirect contact with diseased animals or their excreta, as well as infected animal hides and meat, and can occur at any age, with livestock-based populations being susceptible to infection and transmission between contacts. With aggressive treatment, close isolation, and anti-infective treatment, the treatment is usually effective. Bacillus anthracis can grow and multiply rapidly in humans or animals, producing and releasing exotoxins and anti-phagocytic podocytes that cause edema or necrosis in infected tissues. Lesions are most often seen on exposed areas of skin such as the face, neck, shoulders, hands and feet. Initially, it is a maculopapular or papular rash, with blisters appearing on the second day and swelling of the surrounding tissue. On day 3-4, the center shows hemorrhagic necrosis and is slightly sunken. On days 5-7, the necrotic area breaks down into a shallow ulcer and the blood-like exudate forms a charcoal-like crust. Pain is not obvious due to local nerve compression, and there can be a slight itching sensation without abscess formation. After the edema subsides, the black scab falls off within 1-2 weeks and heals into a scar. It may be accompanied by fever, headache, arthralgia, general malaise, and localized lymph nodes and splenomegaly. To prevent skin anthrax infection, vulnerable persons should be protected, livestock, livestock products processing industry and other staff to maintain good hygiene habits, wear work clothes, gloves, to prevent skin injuries, such as skin damage, disinfection immediately to avoid infection, regular inoculation of Bacillus anthracis vaccine. Strict isolation of sick animals, dead animals should be burned or buried deeply. Infection with cutaneous anthrax requires hospitalization and observation, close isolation to avoid causing infection, drug therapy, mostly using antibiotics such as penicillin and aminoglycosides, or can use mupirocin ointment, potassium permanganate solution and other drugs for local topical application. The treatment effect is better for patients with timely detection, stable condition and mild symptoms; if the treatment is not timely, it is easy to cause complications such as meningitis, which may be life-threatening.