Intravenous infusion is one of the main ways to treat diseases. When drug extravasation occurs, the lighter cases lead to local tissue pain, redness and swelling, and the heavier cases lead to tissue ulceration and necrosis, so prevention should be the main focus, and extravasation should be handled properly to avoid adding more pain to the patient. Once leakage occurs, the infusion site should be changed immediately and appropriate therapeutic measures should be actively taken to eliminate tissue edema and the toxic effects of drugs on cellular tissues. Principles: 1. Promote fluid reabsorption. 2.Use antagonist drug effect. 3.Inactivate the toxicity of extravasated drugs. Specific methods: The current infusion extravasation treatment methods mainly include cold compresses, hot compresses, magnesium sulfate wet compresses, etc. Cold compress is used for acute seepage injury caused by congestion and edema; hot compress is used for ischemic changes caused by leakage of vasoconstrictor. Hot compress is easy to cause skin burns in children if they are not careful, and the skin of children is delicate and the stratum corneum is thin, so the local medication can be absorbed rapidly, and sometimes even some adverse reactions occur. Therefore, for pediatric infusion extravasation local drug treatment is more cautious. 1, less irritating drugs to the blood vessels: such as antibiotics: (1) when the mass <5cm × 5cm, the extravasated solution is less irritating to the tissue and can be easily absorbed, you can use hot compresses, can use hot compress method (can be carried out 4h after extraction). Or use 95% alcohol continuous wet compress and 50% magnesium sulfate wet compress, the swelling will subside soon. The input solution is vasoactive drugs, local swelling is not obvious, but redness, pale, pain is obvious, must immediately replace the injection site, the local available 95% alcohol continuous wet compress, redness and swelling will also disappear quickly. (2) block > 5cm × 5cm, generally within 48h of extravasation of the drug, the affected area should be elevated to promote the absorption of local extravasated drugs. With 50% magnesium sulfate or 95% alcohol continuous wet compress, local closure, can also use the corresponding drug phase antagonism, such as dopamine, m-hydroxylamine, norepinephrine and other extravasation can be used phentolamine, nitroglycerin, dexamethasone, calcium available 50% magnesium sulfate, scopolamine (654-2) wet compress, can also use potato, ginger external compress. (3) the vascular irritation of drugs (local aseptic inflammatory reaction) such as: erythromycin or sarsen drugs, should be given cold compresses (constriction of blood vessels, reduce absorption, inactivation of drug toxicity) or magnesium sulfate wet compresses (prevention of small vessel endocarditis), can also be used 0.5% of 654-2 solution wet compresses (can counter microvascular spasm, improve cellular immunity and complement content, promote the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system) (function, and to enhance their own resistance, control of inflammation). 2, cationic solution and hypertonic solution: (1) calcium: preferred magnesium sulfate wet dressing (because of its strong counteracting effect), followed by 0.5% 654-2 wet dressing can also be used. (2) mannitol leakage, the initial hot compress, also can be used magnesium sulfate wet compress, but also can be used 75% alcohol wet compress. Note: Leakage more than 24h later, not hot compress. Because at this time, the local skin pale, and then gradually turn dark red, can produce local bleeding, so when the hot compress, can cause local skin temperature, metabolic enhancement, increased cellular oxygen consumption, can accelerate tissue necrosis. 3, vasodilator drugs: All the above methods can be used. Continuous input of dopamine, m-hydroxylamine, the application of indwelling needles to establish two intravenous channels, alternating every 2 to 3h, so as not to cause local tissue necrosis, stimulating drugs must be saline to establish intravenous access before infusion, to determine the successful puncture, and then infusion of stimulating drugs. 4.Boosting drugs: norepinephrine, alamine, etc., when the leakage is slight – hot compresses, serious treatment according to medical advice, can be locally closed, 654-2 wet compresses, etc. (also available phentolamine closed, hydrocortisone wet compresses). 5.Anti-tumor drugs: Small leakage: As long as leakage is suspected, immediately stop the infusion, then first suck out the drug inside the needle, then inject 5-10ml of saline to dilute the local drug concentration, while applying ice (constrict blood vessels, reduce absorption, relieve pain and inhibit local inflammatory reaction). Others are performed according to medical prescription. Anti-cancer drugs should be injected in two steps: saline introduction – drug infusion – saline flush 6. local blisters caused by drug extravasation If the blisters are small and unbroken, try not to pierce them and use iodine volts for external application; if the blisters are large, use sterile syringes to extract the exudate from the blisters after disinfection with iodine volts, and then use iodine volts for external application. Attachment: 1, scopolamine wet dressing for intravenous fluid infusion extravasation: Method: first disinfect the eye and swollen area with 0.5% iodophor cotton swabs, scopolamine 10 mg plus NS 10 ml soaked sterile gauze covered in the swollen area, one hour to replace the solution once; efficacy: scopolamine wet dressing and 50% magnesium sulfate solution wet dressing have a better effect on swelling and pain. Principle: scopolamine is an anticholinergic that blocks M choline receptors, which can relax smooth muscle and has the effect of relieving microvascular spasm. wet compresses have the effect of promoting rapid penetration of drugs into subcutaneous tissue, relaxing vascular smooth muscle, relieving venous vascular spasm and dilating local blood vessels. Improve microcirculation, in order to facilitate the absorption of extravasated fluid back. 2, magnesium sulfate wet dressing treatment of intravenous infusion fluid extravasation: method: first with 0.5% iodophor cotton swabs to disinfect the eye and swollen parts, magnesium sulfate powder 50 g plus 100 ml of warm boiled water, wet sterile gauze covered in the swollen parts, one hour to replace the solution once. Observe the efficacy of the two groups. Efficacy: 50% magnesium sulfate solution wet compress have good effect of swelling and pain relief Principle: Magnesium sulfate is the traditional medicine for infusion extravasation, its hypertonicity and pharmacological effect can relieve local swelling, release vascular spasm and improve microcirculation, so as to reduce the inflammatory reaction.