1. What is a hernia? A hernia is a displacement of normal body tissues or organs from their original location to another location through a potential cavity or weak area. Among the various types of hernias, inguinal hernia, commonly known as “small intestine gas”, accounts for almost 95%. There are also incisional hernias, umbilical hernias, pelvic floor hernias, diaphragmatic hernias, and parastomal hernias. Inguinal hernia (commonly known as small intestine gas) is a common and frequent disease in middle-aged and elderly people, and also in children. It is a mass formed by the protrusion of intra-abdominal organs into the skin through a weak area in the inguinal region, and it accounts for the majority of middle-aged and elderly men. 2.What are the hazards brought by hernia to us? The early manifestation of an extra-abdominal hernia is usually a localized mass in the corresponding area, which most people do not pay much attention to and consider insignificant. However, as time goes on, the mass becomes larger and larger, seriously affecting daily activities and sports. At the same time, different degrees of pain sensation appear, which greatly reduces the quality of life. What is more serious is that when the contents of the hernia, such as the intestinal tube, become embedded, it may cause intestinal obstruction and even life-threatening intestinal necrosis. Surgeons remind that surgery should be performed as soon as possible after a hernia occurs, as the longer the delay, the more difficult it is to treat. 3.Does surgery have to be performed to treat a hernia? It is safe to say that surgery is the only way to treat hernia fundamentally. There are three reasons for this: (1) Conservative therapies, including hernia brace, hernia belt and Chinese herbal medicine, can only temporarily relieve the symptoms and cannot cure them. (2) The problems of pain and postoperative recurrence caused by surgery have been fundamentally improved with the progress of modern medicine, which is very traumatic and has a very low recurrence rate after surgery. (3) The inguinal hernia in adults has no possibility of self-repair, and can only be repaired through surgery to achieve the root cause. 4. Methods and indications of hernia surgery (1) High ligation of hernia sac: for pediatric hernia (2) Traditional tension repair: now rarely used due to high recurrence rate and pain. However, it is still used in some areas in China. (3) Modern individualized tension-free repair: the mainstream surgical method nowadays, together with advances in anesthesia methods and improved surgical techniques, has a very low recurrence rate and minimal surgical trauma. However, it is not easy to achieve truly standardized individualized tension-free repair. (4) Laparoscopic repair: Applicable to some inguinal hernias and most incisional hernias, parastomal and esophageal hiatal hernias, etc. It is a promising minimally invasive treatment method. At present, the price is expensive. Many patients, including some medical workers, used to treat hernia surgery as general minor surgery and perform it randomly. However, with the advancement of modern anatomy and surgical techniques as well as materials, this surgery has undergone a fundamental change. The current state of hernia surgery both at home and abroad proves that the results of treatment vary greatly with or without specialized training, so we advocate specialized treatment of hernia surgery. Without specialized and individualized treatment will not achieve good results, which is one of the reasons why many patients do not go for treatment due to fear of trauma and recurrence.