1, lifestyle Poor lifestyle, such as drinking caffeine, cola and other beverages, long-term smoking, heavy drinking and even alcohol abuse, staying up late, and other behaviors can cause a decline in sperm quality, leading to infertility. In addition, obesity can also cause a decrease in sperm quality. So for men, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is necessary to improve sperm quality. In other words, if you want good fertility, it is essential for men to quit smoking, drinking and beverages, eat more vegetables and less meat, exercise in moderation, and not stay up late for a regular healthy life. 2, drug effects Estrogen can have a significant impact on the male reproductive system, including affecting the level of androgens, triggering changes in testicular structure, causing testicular cancer, reducing the number of sperm in semen, causing gynecomastia and leading to endocrine disorders. Some women’s skin care products contain a certain amount of estrogen, and men who use them for a long time can also damage male reproductive health and cause hypogonadism. In addition to the proliferation of some health products, some contain sex hormones or similar ingredients, long-term use may affect the normal spermatogenic function of the testicles, so men should be extra careful when choosing cosmetics and health products. Vitamin C, E and some trace elements such as zinc and selenium are beneficial to the growth of male sexual function and improve sperm quality, and have a pivotal role in male reproductive health, while lead and chromium have a toxic effect on sperm motility and movement. 3, physical and chemical factors High temperatures can damage the testicles, so men should try to avoid high-temperature environments (hot springs, hot tubs) and so on. Large doses of radiation can cause changes in testicular tissue structure, increase the rate of sperm malformation, and reduce the number of sperm, sperm concentration and other important indicators. Phthalates are widely used as a chemical for softening in hundreds of products such as toys, food packaging, vinyl flooring, wallpaper, cleaners, lubricants, nail polish, hair sprays, soaps and shampoos. Studies have shown that it can interfere with endocrine secretion, reducing the number of male sperm, low motility, abnormal morphology and, in severe cases, testicular cancer, and is the “culprit” for most male reproductive problems.