Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive, irreversible pathology, often accompanied by mental retardation, epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities or perceptual disorders if the symptoms appear early. Once cerebral palsy occurs, it brings a heavy burden to the society, deprives happy and warm families of joy, and is an ordeal and pain for the affected children themselves. For this reason, it is the common wish of the whole society and families to actively prevent the occurrence of cerebral palsy.
Cerebral palsy can occur before, during and after birth, and has a high incidence in the perinatal period. To prevent the occurrence of cerebral palsy, we should work closely around these three stages, and focus on the perinatal period.
I. Prevention before birth
The causes of cerebral palsy are very complex. It has been reported that 80% of cerebral palsy can be found with a clear cause, but there are still 15% – 20% of cases with unknown causes. It is generally believed that any pathogenic factors that affect the formation and normal development of the fetal brain during the whole pregnancy, especially during the prenatal 3 months, can lead to the occurrence of cerebral palsy, among which fetal brain hypoxia and insufficient blood perfusion are the two most important reasons for the formation of cerebral palsy and have a pivotal influence in the occurrence of the disease.
(i) Pay attention to premarital health care.
To prevent cerebral palsy, premarital health care should be implemented from the premarital period. Premarital health care includes: guidance on sexual health, fertility and genetic diseases for men and women who are ready to get married; consultation on marriage and fertility and medical examination of men and women for diseases that may affect marriage and fertility, and medical advice. Those who are not suitable for childbirth should take the necessary measures in accordance with the provisions of the Maternal and Child Health Law. It is reported that the incidence of congenital malformations in babies born to mothers with diabetes is 2-200 times higher than that of healthy women, and among these congenital malformations, central nervous system malformations account for a significant proportion. Premarital health care lays the foundation for eugenics and is an important measure to improve the quality of our population, avoid and reduce genetic diseases and congenital defects, and prevent and interrupt the continuation of genetic diseases. The age of childbirth should be strictly enforced according to the provisions of our national policy, not too early but not too late either . It has been reported that among chromosomal abnormalities, most of them manifest as foolishness. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities is closely related to women’s age of childbirth, and generally speaking, it is better for women to have children before the age of 35.
(ii) Good health care during pregnancy.
”The 280 days after the conception of a married woman, the fetus in the mother’s body to absorb nutrients, the process of gradual development and growth, genetics, infection, malnutrition and other physical and chemical factors, can lead to fetal stunting or congenital defects, so the entire pregnancy health care is very necessary for the health of mother and child, especially in the second trimester, this health care is more important.
1.Regular prenatal checkups
Regular prenatal checkups at medical and health care institutions are a major measure to ensure the health of mothers and babies, and a good measure to ensure eugenics. During the checkup, doctors can provide guidance to pregnant women and their families on hygiene, nutrition, psychology, etc., to understand the development of the fetus, and also correct nipple indentation in time, teach the superiority of breastfeeding and operational skills, and lay a good foundation for successful exclusive breastfeeding within one month after delivery. For those who suffer from serious diseases or have been exposed to teratogenic substances that may endanger the life of the pregnant woman or seriously affect her health and normal fetal development after pregnancy, doctors should give medical guidance to avoid pregnancy. If the fetus is found to have a serious hereditary disease or congenital defect during the examination, or if the pregnant woman is suffering from a serious disease that could seriously endanger her health or even her life if the pregnancy continues, it should be handled properly in accordance with the provisions of the Maternal and Child Health Law. In the second trimester, such checkups should be frequent, so that the health status of the mother and fetus can be understood in time, abnormal fetal position can be corrected, and if the pregnant woman is suffering from gestational hypertension syndrome, outpatient or inpatient treatment should be chosen depending on its degree to protect the safety of mother and child. The mother and the fetus should be informed of the health status of the mother and the fetus. Studies have shown that actively differentiated cells in the central nervous system of the fetus are sensitive to damage from X-rays, which can increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus, and special attention should be paid during the first 3 months of pregnancy. In addition, pregnant women should avoid exposure to toxic substances and excessive alcohol consumption, otherwise the fetal brain will also be damaged.
2.Increase nutrition
Pregnant women consume more than the average person because of their own needs and the development of the fetus, so the supply of nutrients must be sufficient and abundant, which is especially important in the last three months of pregnancy. In the second trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is developing rapidly and it is a critical period for brain development. Providing pregnant women with abundant protein, fat, glucose, nucleic acid, vitamins and trace elements in a timely manner is of great significance to the normal growth of the fetus. Studies have shown that malnutrition in pregnant women often leads to the birth of low birth weight babies or poor brain development in fetuses, which can cause cerebral palsy. Babies born to iodine-deficient mothers often show neurological defects. Iron deficiency in mothers can affect the intelligence of the infant, in addition to causing anemia. In order to prevent fetal brain dysplasia, pregnant women must pay special attention to nutrition, not to be partial or picky about food, to have a reasonable mix of meat and vegetables, and to have a rotation of coarse and fine grains. Pregnant women should not worry that “good nutrition will make the fetus bigger and it will not be born” and intentionally restrict their diet. For pregnant women who vomit more frequently, they should eat less and more meals to supply as many nutrients as possible to facilitate the development of the fetus.
3, to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases
Brain development is extremely rapid during fetal life, and congenital infections such as rubella (in early pregnancy) or toxoplasmosis or listeriosis (in late pregnancy) can lead to severe cerebral palsy. Damage to the fetal brain due to infection during pregnancy is common in developing countries. Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis virus are currently thought to cause fetal malformations and congenital defects. About 1/3 of newborns infected with herpes simplex virus develop central neuropathy, resulting in microcephaly and cerebral calcification. Congenital syphilis can also cause brain damage in the fetus. For this reason, it is important for pregnant women to avoid infectious diseases throughout pregnancy to prevent cerebral palsy. Pregnant women should not go to public places frequently, especially when rubella virus is prevalent, and women should pay more attention during the first three months of pregnancy to avoid infections that may affect the normal development of the fetus. Once a pregnant woman has an infectious disease, she should be treated promptly, but she should be careful with medication, which can treat the disease, but if used improperly, it can become a causative factor. The teratogenic effect of drugs is generally related to the time of pregnancy (i.e. the sensitive period of drugs), the type and dose of drugs and the individual differences of pregnant women. From the beginning of embryonic development to the 18th day-8 weeks of gestation, it is the differentiation stage of fetal base. If the mother uses drugs improperly at this time, it will lead to genetic mutation and chromosomal aberration, which has the risk of teratogenicity; when the fetal organs are well differentiated or start fetal movement, the incidence of such malformation has been greatly reduced. It can be seen that the time of drug teratogenicity is mainly in the first two months of pregnancy. In order to avoid the occurrence of congenital defects in the fetus, drugs should be used under the guidance of doctors during this period and should not be abused or taken blindly. As far as we know, anti-malignant drugs (such as methotrexate, 6-MP, 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, etc.), anti-epileptic drugs (such as phenytoin sodium, paroxetine, etc.) and high doses of cortisone can cause fetal malformations.
In addition, reaction stop, D860, aspirin, etc. can cause abortion, stillbirth and stunting, and penicillin and tetracycline have also been shown to have teratogenic effects in animal experiments. The dose of drugs has a significant relationship with the teratogenic effect, generally speaking, the higher the dose, the higher the teratogenic rate, but the usual routine dose of drugs does not have significant toxic effects on the fetus. In addition, if women have diabetes and other diseases before pregnancy, they should be treated actively and conceive after the disease is controlled; pregnant women should avoid abdominal trauma to prevent fetal damage.
II. Prevention of perinatal period
The so-called perinatal period refers to the period from 28 weeks of pregnancy to 7 days after the birth of the baby. During this period, the quality of maternal and infant health care is closely related to the occurrence of cerebral palsy, which should be given sufficient attention.
(i) Avoid preterm birth and low birth weight babies.
Low birth weight is an important factor in cerebral palsy, so preterm birth should be avoided as much as possible. Premature babies are those born at less than 37 weeks of gestation. As a result of early delivery, the majority of infants are low birth weight (under 2500g at birth) or very low birth weight (under 1500g at birth). The incidence of preterm infants accounts for about 5%-10% of all newborns, and they are a group of extremely dangerous people because of their imperfect development of internal organs, poor immune function, low vitality and fragile life. Most medical doctors at home and abroad believe that there are many causes of death in low birth weight infants, mainly intraventricular hemorrhage and pulmonary hyaline membrane disease, and those who are lucky enough to survive often have neurological developmental defects or low intelligence, and children with disabilities account for 14% of them. About 40% of newborns with cerebral palsy are low birth weight babies. The risk of cerebral palsy is extremely high if the fetus is delayed in utero after 5 weeks of gestation. Preterm birth is the main cause of low birth weight babies, and prevention of preterm birth can greatly reduce the incidence of low birth weight babies. There are many reasons for preterm birth, but poor nutrition and labor intensity of pregnant women are the main factors, which are due to maternal metabolic disorders and lack of oxygen, resulting in fetal developmental disorders. Another cause of preterm labor is abnormal obstetrical conditions or fetal underdevelopment in the fetus. Studies have shown that pregnant women with hypertensive disorders, prenatal hemorrhage, and congenital malformations are at high risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight babies. In addition, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to toxic substances, and trauma can lead to preterm birth. Data also indicate that the incidence of cerebral palsy is higher in multiple pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies, which may be related to low birth weight. Studies have confirmed that progesterone can treat preterm labor and is easy, safe, and reported to be 90% effective, delaying labor by 6-7 weeks; in addition, ultrasound examination of the fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference can predict fetal weight. It is said that the weight predicted by this method is very close to the actual birth weight. If intrauterine growth retardation and underweight are found, the cause should be identified and targeted treatment should be given to prevent the birth of low birth weight babies. The counterpart of low birth weight is the giant baby (over 4000g at birth), which should also be prevented. The main risks of large babies are obstructed labor and asphyxia, which can also damage the central nervous system and lead to the development of cerebral palsy.
(ii) Prevention of asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage.
Intracranial hemorrhage in newborns occurs mainly due to obstetric causes and asphyxia and hypoxia. Intrauterine asphyxia, breech delivery, forceps assisted delivery, cephalopelvic disproportion, overdue pregnancy, and umbilical cord encirclement can cause asphyxia and hypoxia in perinatal infants. The brain is very sensitive to hypoxia. When hypoxia occurs, the brain cells become edematous, and the permeability and brittleness of the vascular endothelium increase, leading to damage of the cerebral vessels and blood spillage, resulting in intracranial hemorrhage; prolonged hypoxia can also cause degeneration of nerve cells, autolytic necrosis, or cerebrovascular occlusion, which can lead to cerebral palsy and mental retardation. A study was conducted to observe 58 cases of full-term newborns born with spasticity caused by asphyxia, of which 14 died in the neonatal period and 25 cases (43%) showed sequelae of brain damage. The study also confirmed that the degree of brain damage is closely related to the duration of asphyxia, with the infant’s intelligence being affected by 1 minute of asphyxia; if the duration of asphyxia is 10-45 minutes, the infant often becomes an idiot or has cerebral palsy. About half of the newborns who have asphyxia spasms within 24 hours of birth have a poor prognosis. The duration of spasms after asphyxia is also related to the prognosis: if the spasms disappear within two days, the prognosis is better; if they stop in 3-7 days, the prognosis is poor; if the spasms last for 7 days.
Above that, almost all of them have neurological disorders manifested. In summary, prevention of perinatal asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage has a pivotal role in preventing the occurrence of cerebral palsy.
The main points of prevention are.
1.Strengthen the systematic management of maternity, and send the screened high-risk maternity or high-risk newborns to a health care institution with good medical conditions for monitoring to protect the health of mother and child.
2. Pregnant women should go to health care institutions for prenatal checkups in a timely manner and receive scientific guidance from doctors. To timely treatment of anemia, malnutrition, correction of abnormal fetal position, active treatment of gestational hypertension syndrome, to prevent intrauterine asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight babies, especially in the second trimester of pregnancy, prenatal checkups should be frequent, so that the situation can be detected in time to make treatment.
3, improve the quality of prenatal, strengthen the responsibility of medical and nursing staff. Patiently guide pregnant women in labor should not be nervous, panic, to prevent amniotic fluid blockage, meconium aspiration, but also to prevent obstructed labor, umbilical cord around the neck. To carefully observe each stage of labor, decide the correct mode of delivery, and avoid forceps assisted delivery as much as possible; for huge babies or cephalopelvic disproportion, prepare for cesarean section in advance to reduce the occurrence of asphyxia.
4.Pediatricians enter the delivery room or operating room and work with obstetricians to resuscitate high-risk children such as asphyxiated children, so that the duration of asphyxia and spasms can be shortened as much as possible to reduce or eliminate brain damage in newborns.
5. Actively resuscitate newborns with asphyxia to minimize brain damage. The resuscitation steps are generally divided into 4 parts: removal of oral and respiratory secretions, endotracheal intubation for artificial respiration, correction of heart failure and improvement of circulation and application of drugs. It has been reported that warm water bath is effective in treating neonatal asphyxia without side effects, so it is worth trying. The method is: after removing respiratory secretions from the asphyxiated infant, the infant is immersed in a bath of warm water at about 42 degrees Celsius (with the face and umbilicus exposed above the warm water), and after 1-5 minutes, the infant’s face turns rosy and the heartbeat and breathing resume. The baby is then removed from the tub, dried, warmed and the umbilical cord tied. For those with Apgar scores of 4-7, warm bath therapy is said to be effective and no further treatment is needed; for those with scores less than 3, oxygen and artificial respiration must be given as a comprehensive treatment; for those who have already used oxygen and other treatments with poor results, warm bath therapy can also be used instead and the results are quite satisfactory, but the duration of asphyxia should not be too long, otherwise the brain damage will be aggravated.
(iii) Prevention of hyperbilirubinemia.
Any reason to increase the value of serum bilirubin in the newborn and exceed the physiological range, can lead to jaundice of the basal nucleus of the brain, affecting the function of the central nervous system of the child to endanger small life, this disease is the more common clinical nuclear jaundice or bilirubin encephalopathy. Serum bilirubin 340umol/L (20mg/dl) is generally considered the upper limit of the physiological range in newborns, beyond which the risk of nuclear jaundice is greatly increased. The physiological range of serum bilirubin is not constant for each infant due to differences in age, maturity, and blood-brain barrier permeability, with some infants developing jaundice below the upper limit and others showing no neurological abnormalities above the upper limit. The causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are mainly obstetric, maternal and perinatal factors, with a higher incidence in males than in females. Some data show that region is associated with the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia, and the blood bilirubin value of newborns in China is almost twice as high as that of children of the same age in Western countries. Maternal-infant blood group incompatibility is the main cause of neonatal kernicterus in our country. In view of the fact that the majority of our population is Rh-positive and the national family planning policy of having only one child per couple, jaundice caused by Rh hemolysis is less common, while jaundice caused by ABO blood group incompatibility is very common clinically, however, the serum bilirubin value of this hemolysis is generally not very high, and only a few children exceed the physiological range, so the incidence of jaundice in the national population is not very high. However, once it occurs, it can lead to irreversible brain lesions.
The main methods to prevent hyperbilirubinemia are
1. Preventing preterm birth. Premature infants are prone to hyperbilirubinemia because their organs are not well developed and cannot handle bilirubin effectively and in a timely manner, so jaundice not only occurs earlier, but also lasts longer and is more severe.
2, gestational hypertension syndrome, intrauterine asphyxia, abnormal delivery can increase the infant’s serum bilirubin. Some people have made statistics, in 514 cases of hyperbilirubinemia in children, obstetric factors accounted for 27.6%, for this reason, good prenatal examination, prevention and active treatment of various obstetric factors is an important part of reducing the occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
3, pregnant women should be careful with sulfa, salicylic acid, vitamin K and other drugs. ABO blood group incompatibility caused by hemolysis, the mother’s blood type is mostly “O”, the offspring blood type is often “A”, so when the blood type “O” mother pregnant, pay more attention to not use or less use of drugs to avoid aggravating the degree of jaundice in the newborn.
4, as for “breast milk jaundice”, is not an absolute contraindication to breastfeeding, such as neonatal jaundice is not deep, only the duration of jaundice longer, you can continue to feed breast milk; if the jaundice gradually aggravated, you can feed breast milk at the same time as phototherapy, or stop feeding 3-5 days, to continue breastfeeding after the jaundice subsides.
5, various infectious diseases in newborns such as sepsis, umbilical cord infection, pneumonia, as well as hypoxia, hemorrhage, acidosis, hypoglycemia, etc. can lead to hyperbilirubinemia, which should be prevented by all means, and once it occurs, it should be treated promptly.
6.If jaundice deepens and there are clinical manifestations such as refusal of food, double vision and convulsions, you should go to the hospital for effective treatment in time to avoid or reduce the permanent damage caused by hyperbilirubinemia to the infant’s central nervous system.
III. Prevention after birth
The focus of postnatal prevention of cerebral palsy is to prevent various infections in infants. Encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, as well as traumatic brain injury and disorders of brain metabolism caused by or complicated by serious infections can lead to different degrees of brain damage.
(i) Prevention of infectious diseases.
Newborns come to earth from their mothers, their organs and viscera are not well developed, and their immune function is low, so they are very prone to infectious diseases; also, because of the delicate skin, rich subcutaneous blood vessels, and high permeability of the blood-brain barrier, if the skin and mucous membranes are slightly damaged, bacteria and viruses will enter the blood circulation to grow and multiply, which will lead to sepsis and viraemia, and then become encephalitis and meningitis, which will damage the brain and lead to cerebral palsy. This can lead to cerebral palsy. For this reason, it is important to actively prevent infectious diseases in the neonatal period to reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy.
Infectious diseases in newborns can occur in utero, during delivery, or after delivery, so hospital delivery can reduce the chance of infection.
2, pay attention to protect the skin of newborn babies intact skin and mucous membranes is the body’s first line of defense to stop germs from invading the body, once the skin and mucous membranes are broken, germs will take advantage of the opportunity to enter and make people sick. To often bathe the newborn, wipe the body, keep the skin clean and dry; to the newborn wearing clothes require soft, absorbent; do not give the newborn wearing metal objects or insert stitches in the clothes, so as not to damage the skin. Some rural areas in China have the habit of picking and cutting the skin and mucous membranes to “treat” neonatal physiological jaundice and horse teeth, artificially destroying the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes of newborn babies. This practice, which has no scientific basis at all, should be prohibited. When the newborn’s skin is found to be broken, erosion or pus, it should be treated promptly.
3, keep the umbilicus of newborns dry and clean The umbilicus of newborns is an important gateway for germs to enter the body, so it should always be kept dry and clean, and should not be underestimated. If mucus or purulent secretions are found in the umbilicus and the skin around the umbilicus is red and swollen, this indicates that the umbilicus is infected and should be treated actively.
4, closely observe the growth of jaundice neonatal jaundice is physiological and pathological. Physiological jaundice mostly begins to appear 3 days after birth and lasts about 7-10 days to completely subside (immature children can be delayed until 2-3 weeks to subside), and the jaundice is not very deep. Jaundice appears too early, in the first 2 days after birth, and gradually deepen, and last for a long time, may be pathological jaundice, should find the cause, timely treatment.
5, pay attention to the observation of fontanelle fontanelle is a mirror reflecting the intracranial pathology, need to be frequently observed. Normal fontanelle at birth is about 2.5cm×2.5cm in size, slightly depressed or flat, with pulsation. If the fontanelle is elevated and tense, it is seen in fever or intracranial lesions. If the fontanelle closes too early (within 3 months), the brain may be underdeveloped, and if it closes too late, it is an important manifestation of hydrocephalus, in addition to rickets.
6, the implementation of breastfeeding breast milk is not only nutritious, but also contains many immune substances and anti-infective factors, which are not available in other dairy products. It has been proved that children who are exclusively breastfed for 4-6 months have fewer respiratory infections, diarrhea, otitis media and other infectious diseases than artificially fed children. To promote the success of breastfeeding according to the ten measures, efforts to create baby-friendly hospitals, and constantly improve the rate of breastfeeding to improve the quality of our population.
(ii) Preventing the occurrence of febrile convulsions.
Febrile convulsions occur well in infants and children from 6 months to 3 feet old, mostly within 24 hours of the onset of high fever, with a prevalence of about 3% – 5%. When the body temperature drops below 39 degrees Celsius, the convulsions often stop and the consciousness turns clear. The duration of convulsions can be as short as a few seconds or as long as several minutes or even tens of minutes. In the past, febrile convulsions have been regarded as benign convulsions, which are considered harmless to children and do not affect their intelligence. As research progresses, people’s understanding of febrile convulsions is deepening. It is now believed that febrile convulsions are a condition with a specific genetic predisposition and can be passed from generation to generation. Studies have shown that about 8% to 22% of children with febrile convulsions have future behavioral disorders or mental retardation, and 15% to 30% have epilepsy. It is generally accepted that most children with febrile seizures lasting more than 30 minutes or with more than 6 recurrences will develop epilepsy and mental retardation. Febrile convulsions can be caused by a variety of diseases and account for half of the incidence of convulsions in children under 5 years of age, with a recurrence rate of about 35%. Therefore, there is no scientific basis to believe that pediatric febrile convulsions are “benign convulsions” and “good prognosis”.
In order to reduce brain damage caused by febrile convulsions, preventive treatment of febrile convulsions in children (especially in infants) is absolutely necessary. For children with a history of febrile convulsions, when the body temperature rises to ≥38.5°C, windows should be opened, clothes should be loosened to dissipate heat, or fever-reducing medications should be administered orally at home. However, this prophylactic treatment is only symptomatic and cannot bring down the incidence of epilepsy. Recently, oral valium has been proposed to prevent the occurrence of febrile convulsions by giving oral valium syrup or tablets at a dose of 0.2-0.5 mg/kg. if the fever does not subside after 8 hours, a second dose of valium can be given (the same dose as the first one). There is no need to administer Valium. This treatment can effectively control the occurrence of convulsions, but also reduce the recurrence rate of febrile convulsions, thus reducing the incidence of epilepsy. The author believes that the application of small doses of antipyretic agents along with oral Valium is more effective in reducing fever and stopping convulsions. For children with frequent or long duration of febrile convulsions, it has also been proposed to take antiepileptic drugs on 2 years to reduce the onset of epilepsy.
(iii) Correct treatment of lumbar puncture.
The lumbar puncture, which extracts a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord for laboratory examination, is an indispensable item for the correct diagnosis and treatment of intracranial diseases. To date, many parents still have concerns about the necessary lumbar puncture, worrying that the test will affect the child’s intelligence, etc. In fact, this concern is completely superfluous. On the contrary, if the child suffers from encephalitis or meningitis, without this test, it is impossible to understand the nature of the disease, its condition and the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment drugs. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the ventricular choroid plexus of the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord, and its function is to protect the brain and spinal cord from damage caused by the impact of external forces. It is estimated that while adults produce about 500 ml of cerebrospinal fluid per day, the same amount is drawn into the bloodstream, keeping it in dynamic balance. To diagnose a disease, a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid needs to be drawn for examination, which in no way affects the protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid on the brain. Understanding the nature and condition of the disease from the results of cerebrospinal fluid examination can provide the basis for proper diagnosis and treatment, thus reducing the occurrence of sequelae of intracranial disease. For this reason, parents should treat the lumbar puncture correctly and cooperate closely for the health of the child with cerebral palsy.
(iv) Prevent emotional changes caused by the long course of the disease.
Since children with cerebral palsy have limitations in physical activities, it is not easy to develop comprehensively in education, and there are more chances of secondary infections, thus most of them have certain difficulties in life, which often affect their emotional and mental development. In order to prevent abnormal behavioral changes, special educational vocational training should be conducted and confidence in overcoming difficulties should be fully strengthened.
Fourth, improve environmental health
Infections in the fetal period before birth and severe infections in newborns after birth are the main causes of cerebral palsy, so improving environmental health to prevent the occurrence of cerebral palsy is getting more and more attention.
The main sources of environmental pollution include: atmospheric pollution, such as the combustion of fuel in industrial enterprises and the emission of exhaust gas in the production process, the emission of pollutants from living stoves and heating boilers, the emission of exhaust gas from transportation, etc.; water pollution mainly includes industrial wastewater, domestic and agricultural polluted water discharge; chemical or biological soil pollution, and the pollution of the working environment of women of childbearing age, such as frequent exposure to X-ray radiation and Long-term exposure to toxic substances, etc. Harmful substances enter the human body through air, drinking water and food, acting on the mother’s body and affecting the growth and development of the fetus. Teratogenic substances in the environment can interfere with the normal embryonic development process through the mother in pregnancy, causing abnormal embryonic development, resulting in miscarriage, congenital malformation and other physiological defects. Environmental factors can directly affect the healthy development of germ cells and embryos, and can also affect genetic quality. Therefore, it is important to study the long-term effects of environmental factors on the organism and explore the environmental causes of defects, so that preventive measures can be taken to improve the quality of the population and prevent cerebral palsy.
For this, the following aspects should be started to do.
1. Protect the environment and prevent pollution. Strictly implement environmental protection law, eliminate environmental pollution, strengthen the management of industrial waste water, exhaust gas and exhaust of transportation, and create clean, beautiful and comfortable environmental conditions.
2.Frequently disinfect the living rooms of pregnant women, improve the hygiene of the living environment, and make pregnant women live in a fresh environment.
3. Disinfect the drinking water and food of pregnant women and children with cerebral palsy frequently.
4.Keep the air circulation, humidity and temperature in the room of the child with cerebral palsy, and do not let the child get winded directly.
5.Improve the working environment of pregnant women, which includes the following aspects.
(1) Avoid long-term exposure of pregnant women to X-rays and radioactive substances. Otherwise, it will cause small head, mental retardation and skeletal deformities in newborns. Because of the active cell proliferation of the central nervous system during the embryonic period, it is particularly sensitive to X-rays, and the nerve cells are easily disturbed to cause mental retardation. In addition to the teratogenic effect of X-rays, it can also cause mutations in fetal germ cells, causing changes in the number and structure of genes or chromosomes, thus causing congenital malformations in the offspring.
(2) Avoid pregnant women to be in the noise for a long time. Noise and vibration have an impact on fetal development and increase the incidence of low birth weight babies and birth defects.
(3) Avoid exposure of pregnant women to toxic substances such as lead, mercury, nickel, vinyl chloride, anesthetics and pesticides. For example, during breastfeeding, lead can be transmitted to infants through breast milk, which can affect the intellectual development of infants and cause imbecility and abnormal behavior. Other toxic substances have different degrees of impact on the central nervous system and teratogenic effects.
In conclusion, improving environmental factors has an important and far-reaching significance in preventing cerebral palsy and improving population quality.