The causes of kidney stones include metabolic factors, local anatomical factors, and drug-related factors.
1. Metabolic factors:
Metabolic abnormalities include urinary pH, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, cystinuria, hypocitraturia, hypomagnesiuria, and so on.
2. Local anatomical factors:
Urinary tract obstruction, infection and the presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract are the main local factors inducing stone formation. Obstruction can lead to infection and stone formation, while stones themselves are foreign bodies in the urinary tract, which can aggravate the degree of obstruction and infection.
3.Drug-related factors:
(1) For drugs with high concentration in urine and relatively low solubility, including drugs for HIV infection (e.g., indinavir), ceftriaxone sodium, magnesium silicate, and sulfonamides, which are themselves components of stones.
(2) Drugs capable of inducing stone formation, including vitamin D, vitamin C, and corticosteroids, which during metabolism lead to the formation of other constituent stones.