Hypertension is a common clinical disease and a multi-morbidity, and its occurrence is the result of a combination of factors. The common influencing factors include smoking, chronic mental stress, high-salt diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, alcohol abuse, advanced age, genetics, etc. Daily attention should be paid to take appropriate measures to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.
The prevention of hypertension aims to reduce the prevalence of hypertension, delay the progression of hypertension, avoid target organ damage, and reduce the occurrence of hypertensive complications and comorbidities. The prevention strategy can be divided into three levels, namely primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention.
I. Primary prevention (prevention of risk factors)
1.Rational diet: appropriately limit sodium and fat intake, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.
2, moderate exercise: walking, jogging, swimming, cycling and other aerobic exercises.
3, quit smoking and limit alcohol.
4, maintain psychological balance.
Secondary prevention (prevention of exacerbation)
1.Close follow-up observation.
2.Measure blood pressure regularly, at least once in 1-2 weeks.
3.Take antihypertensive drugs regularly, and do not reduce or stop the dosage at will.
4.Use regular anti-atherosclerosis and other drugs, so as to control hypertension and blood sugar.
Third, tertiary prevention (prevention of complications)
1. actively treat complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction and chronic renal failure.
2.Seriously ill patients should be resuscitated in a timely manner.
3.Give relevant rehabilitation treatment, such as muscle strength training after cerebral hemorrhage.
Note: Focusing on the above three levels together when preventing hypertension can lead to more obvious preventive effects.
For patients who already suffer from hypertension, if they must be treated with antihypertensive drugs, they need to be applied under the guidance of a doctor in a standardized manner. However, when using drugs to treat the disease, attention should be paid to avoid irregular medication, arbitrary discontinuation, frequent drug changes, or unwillingness to combine drugs, unauthorized increase or decrease the dose of drugs.
Fourth, the daily precautions of hypertension
Hypertension patients should also pay attention to the following aspects in their daily lives.
1, to ensure a low-salt, low-fat diet.
2, avoid staying up late and strenuous exercise.
3, avoid mood swings.
4, avoid cold and poor bowel movement.
5, do daily blood pressure monitoring, regular screening for hypertension complications and comorbidities.