Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is one of the most common diseases of the spine, its incidence is high, the quality of life of patients and work has a greater impact, many patients with lumbar protrusion because of this disease carry a heavy psychological burden, in the career, in life caused great interference. Lumbar intervertebral disc tissue is a lack of blood flow of tissue, its own repair ability is poor, and with age, the disc itself gradually degenerate. Therefore, the lumbar intervertebral disc can be called the “fragile parts” of the human body, and the poor self-repairing ability is the pathological basis of the lumbar intervertebral disc herniation that does not heal. Minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation broadly includes interventional surgeries, such as ozone, fusion enzyme, and laser, which are less invasive but have a major drawback: percutaneous operation, which does not see the internal details, and the efficacy of the treatment is not very certain, generally with an excellent rate of 40-80%, which is suitable for less severe cases only. Percutaneous spinal endoscopic lumbar disc removal (intervertebral foramenoscopic surgery) is based on percutaneous puncture technology to establish a channel, through the endoscope to see the operation details inside the surgical site, in order to obtain satisfactory decompression around the nerve root, the efficacy of the treatment is more certain. Percutaneous spinal endoscopic surgery is a hybridization of percutaneous and endoscopic techniques, which can be said to be an upgraded version of interventional surgery, and the fusion of the two techniques greatly improves the efficacy of the surgery. Commonly used minimally invasive procedures for lumbar disc herniation include percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PELD), microendoscopic discectomy, and channel-assisted microdiscectomy. Currently, PELD should be the minimally invasive procedure of choice for patients, except for those who already have obvious lumbar instability, or with obvious lumbar stenosis, which is not suitable for simple disc removal. (For some giant herniated discs or herniated discs with obvious calcification, PELD surgery will be relatively more difficult, and the doctor will choose the appropriate surgical method according to the specific situation) Advantages of PELD: 1. Minimally invasive: the surgery can be completed under local anesthesia, and the skin incision is 20px, so there is no need for tracheal intubation or urinary catheter. 2.Safety: the patient is under local anesthesia, can communicate with the doctor, timely feedback, plus there is a spinal endoscopic micro-camera system tracking the whole process, the intervertebral discs, dura mater and nerve roots are clearly visible, greatly avoiding the risk of nerve damage. 3, fast recovery: immediately after the operation, you can verify whether the pain in the lower limbs is relieved or not, and the patient can go down to the ground after the operation, local anesthesia surgery, and you can eat on the same day. Hospitals that have the conditions can start the surgery in the day surgery center, patients can be discharged on the same day after 6-8 hours of observation. 4, high cost-effectiveness: the overall cost of PELD surgery is about 25,000 yuan (each hospital’s specific situation is different), because of the need to use radiofrequency ablation and other special consumables, while open lumbar disc removal and fusion, depending on the choice of internal fixation materials (domestic or imported), the overall cost of 40,000-60,000 yuan. In terms of financial burden, open simple lumbar discectomy was the least expensive, with PELD in the middle, while open lumbar discectomy fusion was the most expensive. Open lumbar discectomy and fusion should be considered as an ultimate procedure, although it is very reliable from the point of view of symptomatic relief and has a low recurrence rate, it comes at the expense of spinal motor function, and the adjacent segments above and below the fixed segment are at risk of accelerated degeneration; a portion of the patients with lumbar herniated discs that are treated conservatively may suffer from repeated symptomatic episodes and have a poor quality of life.PELD The emergence and popularization of this minimally invasive spinal surgery is undoubtedly a boon for patients with lumbar herniation, allowing patients to obtain a good quality of life and regain confidence in life at a relatively small cost.