The treatment of chronic hepatitis B is no longer too difficult. The current treatment of chronic hepatitis B is no longer stuck at the level of liver preservation, enzyme lowering and yellowing reduction as it was more than a decade ago, and it is no longer helpless against hepatitis B-related advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis of hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are already good anti-hepatitis B virus drugs available, mainly in two main categories: interferon and nucleoside analogs. Interferon can cure hepatitis B, but the cure rate is very low, probably no more than 20%, and there are more side effects, inconvenient injections and other problems, and can only be applied to some hepatitis B infected people. Since the first nucleoside analog – lamivudine – was launched in 1998, it has greatly changed the status quo of slow hepatitis B treatment, benefiting countless patients around the world, but also the next generation of hepatitis B patients. China is the country that has seen the greatest gains, as it has the highest number of hepatitis B virus infections in the world. The difficulty in treating chronic hepatitis B is actually due to the high expectations of the public, especially chronic hepatitis B patients and their families. In clinical practice, it is found that the vast majority of patients and their families cannot understand and accept the long-term use of antiviral drugs, and medical practitioners often have to explain the situation for a long time in order to get through the work. Perhaps this mood is understandable, but as a comparison of the standard of living in the old and new societies, it can be said figuratively: today’s anti-hepatitis B virus treatment status quo, has completely entered the new society, and stepped into the “well-off” level. As long as you receive the right medication at the right time and adhere to the medication, more than 90% of hepatitis B patients can be suppressed, which greatly reduces the incidence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and severe hepatitis, and the quality of life of hepatitis B patients has been greatly improved. What is more encouraging is that even if cirrhosis develops, or even if cirrhosis becomes decompensated, through timely and effective antiviral treatment, the condition can be greatly improved, and there is even hope that cirrhosis can be reversed. What’s more, liver cancer patients, who have taken antiviral therapy after receiving effective surgery or other interventional treatments, can greatly improve the survival rate of liver cancer patients. If we have to make another comparison, then we can optimistically say that antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B has been far more effective than hypertension and diabetes. This is by no means an exaggeration. Of course, slow hepatitis B treatment is still difficult. Currently facing two major problems, the first is the first interferon “is not”; the second is the nucleoside analog drug resistance problems, as well as side effects in a small number of patients. In order to reduce drug resistance and the incidence of side effects, scholars of infection and liver disease in China have not only integrated the advanced research results from abroad, but also combined their own practical experience and the actual situation in China, and revised the “Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B” twice, in 2005 and 2010, respectively, so as to guide grassroots infectious disease and hepatology medical workers in the rational use of antiviral drugs, to improve the effectiveness of the drugs, and to correctly deal with various problems in the process of treatment. It can be said that the significance of the guidelines is that they are being introduced. It can be said that the significance of the introduction of the guidelines is no less than that of the antiviral drugs themselves. It also solves a lot of practical problems in the treatment of hepatitis B.