High neuron-specific enolase one year after lung cancer surgery may be caused by benign disease or tumor recurrence, which requires continuous observation and anti-cancer treatment. 1. Continuous observation, if the patient only has a single case of mildly elevated neuron-specific enolase, it is mostly considered to be caused by inflammation, etc., so there is no need to treat it for the time being, and close observation is enough. 2. Anti-cancer treatment, if the increase of neuron-specific enolase is obvious or accompanied by the increase of other tumor markers, then it is considered to be caused by recurrence and metastasis, and it is necessary to improve CT, MRI and other examinations to determine the specific location and situation, and then carry out anti-cancer treatment to stabilize the patient’s condition by means of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Lung cancer patients should undergo regular postoperative checkups in order to detect abnormalities at an early stage, determine the cause of the disease and treat it at an early stage.