Cancer is an ancient group of diseases, but has always been relatively rare. Since the middle of the 20th century, first in developed countries and then in developing countries, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and mortality of tumors, and these increases are basically due in part to poor human habits and damage to the environment. One of the important misconceptions at present is that tumors seem to be difficult to know in advance, and treatment becomes difficult, not to mention prevention. In fact, cancer is not scary. The result of decades of advancement in oncology science is that cancer has become a manageable and even curable disease, and the survival rate of patients is at an all-time high. Healthy lifestyle can prevent 1/3 of cancers, and early diagnosis is the key to improve the cure rate. It is best to be cancer free, but if you are unfortunate enough to be “hit”, it is important to detect it early and eliminate it in the shortest possible time. If proper measures are taken, 1/3 of cancers can be detected and cured at an early stage. In fact, important progress has been made in the “early diagnosis and treatment” of cancer. Cervical cancer has a clear cause and effective “early diagnosis and treatment” techniques. Many countries have screening programs for cervical cancer and have achieved significant results, resulting in a steady decline in mortality. In addition, “early diagnosis and treatment” of breast, prostate and colorectal cancers is also common in developed countries, resulting in a significant increase in survival rates and a decline in mortality rates. It has been proved that “early diagnosis and treatment” is one of the right choices to control cancer. Starting from this, we can promote the comprehensive prevention and treatment of cancer. The early symptoms of tumors are often not obvious, but they can be detected by careful examination if we pay attention to them. Therefore, it is important to have regular health checkups and tumor screening at least once a year. In this regard, diagnostic imaging can provide direct manifestation of primary and disseminated presence. CT examinations are now more common, and newer examinations such as MRI and PET have improved the display of lesions and functions to a considerable extent. The number of early stage patients detected by diagnostic imaging is increasing. New advances in treatment technology Due to the deeper understanding of tumor development mechanism, medical oncology nowadays has long ceased to be the ‘old drugs’ such as cyclophosphamide and adriamycin, but has become a comprehensive treatment integrating chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and even psychotherapy. In particular, the emergence of molecular targeted therapy drugs has greatly improved the precise striking ability of drugs, so that the drugs have changed from the previous ‘enemy is indistinguishable from me’ to ‘targeted’, which has not only improved the survival rate of patients, but also improved the quality of patients’ survival. As for surgical oncology, the extensive development of minimally invasive surgery has greatly reduced the damage of surgery to patients’ muscles, and coupled with the emphasis of surgery on protecting the functions of human organs as much as possible, patients not only recover more easily after surgery, but also have improved their quality of life. In terms of radiation therapy, due to the development of computer technology, imaging technology, etc., radiation therapy for tumors has also made significant progress. Unlike previous radiotherapy, radiation therapy now emphasizes more precise focus on the tumor and more effective protection of the function of surrounding tissues and organs, which has improved both the patient’s chances of survival and quality of life. Researchers have discovered dozens of genetic mutations associated with cancer by sequencing genes from different cancer cells. Since then, it has been learned that tumors do not perform the function of any single gene or any one gene independently, but they must coordinate with other genes and work together as a link in the cellular network to complete certain life processes. Thus, attacking tumors necessitates decoding the molecular network structure of powerful cell growth and developmental abnormalities. Tumor is a disease that occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly people and is mostly seen in relatively socio-economically developed areas. With the increase of elderly population and socio-economic development in China, the number of cancer cases in China is likely to continue to increase in the coming decades. However, as more is revealed about cancer and the ability and level of prevention and treatment continue to improve, the goal of achieving cancer control will not be far away.