Diarrhea Infantile diarrhea, also known as infantile dyspepsia, is a syndrome of acute gastrointestinal dysfunction in infancy and early childhood, with diarrhea and vomiting as the main symptoms. It has the highest incidence in summer and autumn. The disease can be treated properly with good results, but it can be life-threatening if left untreated or even if serious water-electrolyte disorders occur. A. Why babies are prone to diarrhea? 1, physical factors (1) infant gastrointestinal tract development is not mature enough, enzyme activity is low, but relatively more nutrition needs, gastrointestinal tract burden; (2) infant neurological, endocrine, circulatory system and liver, kidney function development are not mature, regulation function is poor. (2) Infection factors (1) infection in the gastrointestinal tract; (2) infection outside the gastrointestinal tract; (3) disorders of intestinal flora due to the abuse of antibiotics. 3, digestive disorders (1) dietary factors; (2) intolerance to carbohydrates; (3) food allergies; (4) the influence of drugs; (5) other factors: such as unclean environment, too little outdoor activities, sudden changes in life patterns, sudden changes in the external climate (called “wind, cold, summer, wet diarrhea” in Chinese medicine), etc., also easy to cause Infant diarrhea. Second, how to care for diarrhea baby? 1, to adjust the child’s diet to reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract: some parents try to feed their children chocolate, milk, eggs and other high-fat, high-protein food to make up for the loss caused by the child’s diarrhea, not knowing that this will increase the burden on the stomach and intestines, so that the diarrhea does not heal for a long time. At this time, it is advisable to give the child some easily digestible food, such as rice soup, sugar and salt water, or even temporary prohibition of food, so that the gastrointestinal function can be restored to speed up the healing of the disease. 2, pay attention to the child’s abdomen warmth: children’s abdomen easily cold, and children with diarrhea, intestinal peristalsis has increased, such as the abdomen and then cold intestinal peristalsis faster, thus aggravating the disease. 3, pay attention to protect the buttocks of the sick child: because of the increase in the number of bowel movements, the skin and mucous membrane around the anus must have different degrees of damage, parents should pay special attention to the anal area in the care. You should wipe the area lightly with soft toilet paper or use soft gauze dipped in water to wash it lightly afterwards, and apply some greasy ointment after washing to prevent red buttocks, and change the diaper in time to avoid rubbing the diaper impregnated with feces and urine against the skin. Wash and disinfect used stools and diapers, as well as contaminated clothes and bed sheets, to avoid repeated infections or infections to other people. Colds 80%-90% of colds are caused by viruses, and there are more than 200 kinds of viruses that can cause colds; 10%-20% of colds are caused by bacteria, and babies under 1 year old are more likely to get colds because their immune systems are not yet mature. Generally, colds will last 7-10 days, sometimes about 2 weeks for small babies. A cough is often the last symptom to go away, and it tends to last for several weeks. Babies who play regularly with older children usually get 6-10 colds in the first year; even a constant runny nose throughout the winter. I. How can I tell if my child has a cold? When children have a cold, upper respiratory symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, etc. are often not obvious, while digestive symptoms such as loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. are more obvious, and when infants have a cold, high fever often occurs, and some children even have convulsions. Since children’s resistance is weak, inflammation can easily spread to the lower respiratory tract after getting a cold, causing bronchitis, pneumonia and other comorbidities. In addition, when a child has a cold, sometimes it can cause myocarditis, nephritis, life-threatening, childhood, there are many acute infectious diseases such as measles, epidemic encephalomyelitis, whooping cough, etc. In the early stage of these diseases, there are some symptoms similar to the cold, but because of the poor expression ability of children, often can not clearly explain where they do not feel well, can not speak the baby is unable to express, and the development of pediatric disease changes quickly, so The symptoms of cold in children should not be taken lightly, and should be carefully observed and found to be abnormal. Second, what should I do if my baby has a cold? 1, take the baby to the hospital, the doctor often ask the baby to carry out some tests, so as to know the cause of the cold. 2, if it is a viral cold, there is no special medicine, the main thing is to take good care of the baby, reduce the symptoms, generally, after 7-10 days on the good. 3, if it is caused by bacteria, doctors often prescribe some antibiotics to the baby, be sure to take the medicine on time and in accordance with the dose. Some mothers often increase the dosage of drugs on their own in order to make their children well sooner, which is not possible, otherwise it will be contrary to their wishes. 4, if the baby has a fever, should be in accordance with the doctor’s instructions to take antipyretic drugs, body temperature below 38.5 ℃, do not take antipyretic drugs. Do not take cold medicine indiscriminately. within 1 year old babies, indiscriminate cold medicine often does more harm than good. 5.If the blocked nose has caused difficulties for your baby to eat milk, you need to ask your doctor to prescribe you a little saline nose drops. 15 minutes before you eat milk, you can use a nasal aspirator to suck out the saline and mucus from the nasal cavity after a while. The nose drops will dilute the sticky snot and make it easier to clean. Never give your child nasal drops that constrict blood vessels or other medications without your doctor’s permission. Fever The normal body temperature of a person is about 36.5-37°C. If it is higher than 37.2°C, it is called a fever. When a person cannot maintain a normal body temperature, many physiological functions will be impaired. I. How can I tell when my baby has a fever? Body temperature by itself is not really the most critical way to observe illness in children. For adults, the level of temperature usually reflects the severity of the illness. This is not the case for children, as their bodies do not yet have perfect control over temperature. Some children have a fever of 40°C even when they have a mild infection, yet only 38.3°C when they have a more serious illness. When a child has a fever, it is more important for parents to observe his face, demeanor and actions. A child with a temperature of 38.3°C who is pale and quiet and a bit abnormal may be more ill than a child with a temperature of 39.4°C who can still run around the house. If a child with a fever has the following symptoms, regardless of the temperature, a doctor should be consulted for a diagnosis. 1.Crying all the time, no matter who comes to comfort; 2.It is difficult to be woken up; 3.If someone tries to touch or move the child, he cries; 4.Neck stiffness and inflexibility; 5.Uncontrollable jerking or spasms in the arms, thighs or other parts of the body; 6.Confusion and strange actions (seeing or hearing things that are not there, saying very strange things or acting abnormally); 7.Breathing When accompanied by murmurs; 8, can not swallow any food, and can not stop drooling; 9, purple spots on the skin; 10, gray or dark blue skin color; 11, weak pulse but fast, urgent (less than 1 year old children more than 160 beats per minute; more than 120 beats per minute for children over 1 year old); 12, urination with burning or pain; 13, diarrhea with blood in the stool. Second, the family how to care for fever baby? Mom and dad before taking the baby to the doctor, how to home for baby fever? 1, maintain the air circulation at home: if the home has cold air, maintain the room temperature between 25-27 ℃. You can put your toddler in a cool room or blow around with an electric fan to make the body temperature drop slowly, so the toddler will feel more comfortable. However, if his limbs are cold and he is shivering, he needs warmth, so he should be covered with a blanket. 2, take off too much clothing: If the baby’s limbs and hands and feet are warm and sweating all over, it means they need to dissipate heat, so they can wear less clothing. 3.Warm water bath: untie the baby’s body clothes, use warm water (37 ℃) towel rubbed all over the body, so that the baby’s skin blood vessels will expand to disperse the body gas, in addition to water evaporation from the body surface, will also absorb body heat. 4, with antipyretic paste: help to dissipate heat, but for smaller children is not recommended, because young children are not easy to turn the body, ice pillow easy to cause local too cold or to hypothermia. The use of antipyretic paste can also be used, the water in the gel-like substance of the antipyretic paste can be vaporized when the heat is taken away, there will be no excessive cooling. 5, drink more water: to help sweat, and prevent dehydration. Water has the function of regulating the temperature, which can make the body temperature drop and replenish the water loss in the baby’s body. 6.Use fever-reducing medicine: When the central temperature of infants and children (anal temperature or ear temperature) exceeds 38.5℃, fever-reducing drops or suppositories can be used moderately. During the baby’s fever, it is suitable to have small and many meals with light, easily digestible liquid or semi-liquid food, such as lotus root powder, milk replacer, porridge, egg custard, noodle soup, etc.