1.Fix properly to prevent slippage The T-tube should be of appropriate length to allow the patient to turn over without obstruction, and should not be fixed to the bed as much as possible to avoid pulling and causing dislodgement, while providing relevant nursing knowledge to the patient and family. 2.Check whether the T-tube is usually at any time Avoid pressure, if obstruction is found, assist the physician to flush with sterile saline at low pressure. 3.Observe and record the color, nature and amount of bile The physiological secretion of bile is 600-800ml, golden in color, thicker, clearer and without sediment; usually there is 300-500ml of bile flowing out of the T-tube in the first 24 hours after surgery, later, as the edema of the common bile duct subsides and most of the bile enters the intestine, the flow of drainage gradually decreases, about 200ml per day. if the drainage exceeds 500ml, more If the drainage exceeds 500ml, it indicates obstruction of the lower end of the common bile duct or narrowing of the bile-intestinal anastomosis; if the bile is turbid and flocculent, it indicates the presence of infection; if the bile is thin or even watery, with the amount of up to 1000ml, it indicates poor liver function; if the bile suddenly decreases, attention should be paid to the presence of stones, roundworms and necrotic tissue blockage. 4. Encourage the patient to get out of bed and take care to prevent reflux to avoid infection; do not place the drainage bag too low when lying in bed to avoid excessive bile loss. When eating, the T-tube can be clamped one hour before mealtime so that bile can enter the duodenum to help fat digestion. 5.For patients with long-term indwelling T-tube, to prevent excessive loss of bile, the bile can be collected, boiled and sterilized, and then mixed with juice. At present, with the development of medical technology, patients with malignant obstructive jaundice are mostly treated with bile duct stent placement to avoid problems such as bile loss, electrolyte disorders, digestive dysfunction, infection and impact on the patient’s quality of life brought about by long-term indwelling drains in order to improve the patient’s quality of life. 6, Observe the patient’s skin, sclera jaundice regression and changes in blood bilirubin Any fever and changes in urine and stool color to understand whether the bile duct drainage is unobstructed. 7.T-tube imaging should be performed 2 weeks after the operation A trial clamping of the tube should be performed for 2-4 days before imaging, and an iodine allergy test should be performed. With the improvement of contrast agent, it is now advocated that open drainage is not required after contrast, but in general, open drainage is still given to allow outflow of contrast agent to reduce side effects and infection. If there is vomiting, right upper abdominal distension, fever, jaundice recurrence during post-contrast clamping, drainage must be continued, and ERCP examination and treatment is feasible later.