OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Pulmonary hemorrhage refers to the rupture of blood vessels within the lungs and the entry of blood into the lung tissue. The main clinical manifestations are hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea and even shock symptoms such as pallor, cold limbs and confusion. Treatment is based on the application of antibiotics, heparin and other drugs combined with transfusion of blood products and so on. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help improve the prognosis.
Whether medical insurance
Yes, it is
Department
Respiratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Hematology, Surgical Oncology, Medical Oncology, Radiation Oncology
Clinical symptoms
Hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea, pallor, cold limbs, etc.
Hazards
Pulmonary hemorrhage is a complication of many diseases and can be life-threatening in severe cases.
Examination
Blood routine, coagulation function test, blood gas analysis, X-ray film, etc.
Diagnosis
Clinical manifestations such as hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea, etc., combined with coagulation function test and X-ray film, etc. are diagnostic.
Treatment principle
Antibiotics, heparin and other medications combined with transfusion of blood products.
Curability
Timely diagnosis and treatment can help to improve the symptoms.
Dietary recommendations
Choose a diet high in eggs, calories and vitamins.
Etiology
Etiology
May be related to vascular injury, coagulation disorders and other factors.
Questions you may be concerned about
What causes lung hemorrhage?
Lung hemorrhage may be caused by bleeding from the upper respiratory tract such as the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract that is accidentally aspirated into the airways, inflammatory lung diseases, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, left heart failure, etc.
1. Bleeding from the rest of the body: the cause of pulmonary hemorrhage needs to be excluded from the possibility of bleeding from the upper respiratory tract such as the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract being mistakenly aspirated into the airways.
2. Inflammatory diseases of the lungs: bacterial infection and fungal infection of the lungs can lead to diffuse damage to the alveoli and hemorrhage, hemoptysis and other symptoms.
3. Lung cancer: the main types of lung cancer are small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, which can cause damage to lung tissues and lead to pulmonary hemorrhage.
4. Pulmonary embolism: embolism of blood vessels in the lungs leads to increased resistance of pulmonary circulation, overfilling of pulmonary blood vessels, blood leakage into alveoli and bronchial tubes, and finally coughed up through the trachea.
5. Left heart failure: left ventricular compensatory insufficiency, resulting in pulmonary hypertension, blood into the alveoli, manifested by dyspnea, cough, cough pink foamy sputum.
Lung hemorrhage may also have other causes, such as bronchiectasis, pulmonary vasculitis, tuberculosis, trauma such as lung contusion, rib fracture puncture. It is recommended to go to the hospital in time, complete the examination, clarify the cause of the disease and then give the diagnosis and treatment.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
Patients may have hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea and other symptoms on the basis of the original disease, and if the bleeding is large, shock symptoms such as pallor, cold limbs and confusion may also occur. Physical examination reveals wet rales in the lungs, a thin pulse, and a drop in blood pressure.
Diagnostic basis
1. The patient has a history of tuberculosis, lung cancer, thrombocytopenic purpura, etc. Symptoms such as hemoptysis, cough, dyspnea, etc. may occur, and may progress to shock symptoms. Physical examination can be heard in the lungs, wet rales, blood pressure drop, etc. 2. X-ray film can provide an imaging basis for diagnosis, which can show that the two lungs have increased texture, roughness, fuzzy, or diffuse reticulation, and the lungs have normal lung inflation and no bronchial inflation. If the original lesion is found to be suddenly enlarged or the homogeneous grinding glass shadow in the lungs, it is highly suggestive of pulmonary hemorrhage.3. Blood routine can be used to assess the patient’s bleeding condition, to know whether there is any blood disease, infection, etc.; coagulation function test can be used to know the patient’s coagulation function, to detect the hemorrhagic disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc., and it can also be used for the treatment of the patient to provide references.4. Blood gas analysis can reflect the function of pulmonary ventilation and the state of acid-base balance to assess the patient’s hypoxic condition. Blood gas analysis can reflect the lung ventilation function and acid-base balance status, and assess the patient’s hypoxia.
Treatment
Treatment guideline
Apply antibiotics, heparin and other drugs combined with blood transfusion to prevent infection, control bleeding and replenish blood volume.
Drug treatment
1. Choose appropriate antibiotics to prevent and control infection. 2. If the bleeding is large, choose blood volume expanders to expand the blood volume. 3. If disseminated intravascular coagulation occurs, choose heparin and fibrinolytic inhibitors according to the situation.
Other treatments
1. If the bleeding volume is large, blood product transfusion can be chosen. 2. If the patient is using anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents and other drugs, the drugs should be temporarily suspended. 3. According to the situation, oxygen inhalation can be chosen to correct hypoxemia, etc. 4. After the pulmonary hemorrhage has been controlled, the treatment of the original disease is carried out. 5.
Prognosis
Timely diagnosis and effective treatment can help improve the prognosis.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Keep the living environment quiet, comfortable and hygienic, reduce external adverse stimuli, and avoid infection.2. Patients in the period of illness should rest in bed and pay attention to keeping warm.3. Appease the patients to reduce their fear, anxiety and other adverse emotions.4. Perform appropriate activities when the physical condition permits, which can help to improve the physical fitness and improve the mental outlook.5.
Dietary conditioning
Balanced diet, supplement nutrition, choose light and easy-to-digest food with high calorie, high protein and rich in vitamins.