Smokers are in the minority among diabetics, and because diabetes and smoking are both chronic progressions, they are easy to ignore. It is well known that smoking is harmful to the human body, and for diabetic patients, it is even worse. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 substances, divided into five categories: nicotine, carcinogens, respiratory irritants, carbon monoxide and flavorings or other add-ons mixed in the manufacturing process, and if addictive drugs are added, it is even more harmful. Smoking is even more harmful to diabetics. Chronic inflammation increases insulin resistance. People with diabetes are susceptible to a variety of infections due to low immune function. Smoking causes chronic inflammation of the respiratory system through the inhalation of numerous toxic gases and particles. Inflammation causes many reactions in the body that increase insulin resistance. Smoking is a major cause of coronary heart disease Smoking is a major cause of coronary heart disease. The mortality rate of coronary heart disease is 60% to 70% higher in male smokers than in non-smokers. Sudden death can be the first symptom of coronary heart disease, and it occurs 2 to 4 times more often in young male smokers than in non-smokers. Smokers are more likely to have ischemic lesions in the peripheral arteries of the limbs. Studies have shown that blood circulation in the foot arteries is worse in the smoking group of diabetic patients than in the nonsmoking group, and that diabetic patients who smoke are more likely to develop foot gangrene. Smoking accelerates the decline of kidney function Diabetics are prone to complications of kidney damage. Studies have found that kidney function declines much faster in diabetics who smoke than in nonsmokers. If a person with diabetes smokes, the diabetes will worsen and lead to an accelerated decline in kidney function, regardless of the treatment. Smoking predisposes to respiratory disease Smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the United States, 80,000 people die each year from COPD, 82% of which are caused by smoking, and the mortality rate of smokers is 4 to 25 times higher than that of non-smokers. Death is preceded by a prolonged period of coughing, sputum and dyspnea. Smokers are prone to colds and pneumonia, making diabetes symptoms worse and more difficult to treat. Smokers are more likely to develop gastric and duodenal ulcers than non-smokers. Diabetes often causes autonomic dysfunction, gastrointestinal palsies, fullness, belching, constipation or diarrhea. Pregnancy is affected by smoking. Pregnancies are more likely to be miscarried, premature, abnormal, and pathological. Newborns are prone to sudden death and weight loss. Smoking in pregnant women may also affect the physical development and intelligence of the newborn. Smoking in women with diabetes can make the disease more severe. Other diseases The synergistic effect of diabetes and smoking increases the risk of osteoporosis, hypogonadism, premature aging, and cataracts.