There are various factors that can cause swollen and painful gums during lactation. The causes that can cause swollen and painful gums are mostly seen in wisdom tooth pericoronitis, periodontal abscess, periapical infection, acute gingival papillitis, and acute gingivitis. Swollen gums during breastfeeding need to be treated according to the cause of the pain. Periodontitis during lactation is mostly due to the formation of blind pockets between the wisdom teeth and gums due to improper or incomplete eruption of the wisdom teeth, and the inflammation is caused by food residue in the blind pockets. Gum swelling and pain caused by periodontal abscess should be treated promptly with periodontal treatment. Swollen and painful gums caused by periapical periodontitis should be treated with root canal therapy in a timely manner. Acute gingival papillitis is mostly caused by food impaction and trauma from hard objects. In this case, promptly visit the stomatology department to remove local irritation and local gum rinse with medication. Swollen and painful gums caused by acute gingivitis are promptly removed from the gum irritants and the gums are topically coated with medication. Swollen and painful gums during breastfeeding can be relieved by timely treatment at the dentistry department. Swollen and painful gums during breastfeeding should pay attention to oral hygiene. Pay attention to try not to eat spicy and irritating food as well as too hard food to avoid stimulating the gums.