Total prostate-specific antigen, if >4ng/mL is an elevated level, suggesting the possibility of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein expressed in both normal and neoplastic prostate tissue. The absolute value of serum PSA is useful in determining the extent of prostate cancer and in assessing the body’s response to prostate cancer treatment. Elevated levels are common in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate inflammation and perineal injury. The current consensus is that a serum total PSA (tPSA)>4.0ng/ml is abnormal. According to some studies, it is recommended to review the initial PSA abnormality. When tPSA is between 4-10ng/ml, the likelihood of prostate cancer is about 25% (in European countries), and the incidence of prostate cancer is low in the Chinese population. A set of data in China shows that the positive rate of prostate aspiration with serum total PSA of 4-10ng/ml is 15.9%. If PSA is abnormal, it is recommended to further improve rectal examination, ultrasound, CT, MRI, prostate biopsy and other related examinations to determine whether prostate cancer is present. If diagnosed with prostate cancer, early-stage patients need to undergo surgical treatment to remove the diseased tissues; intermediate and late-stage patients can cooperate with doctors to receive comprehensive treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy to prolong their survival time. If prostate cancer is suspected or diagnosed, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital for a comprehensive assessment of the condition and follow the doctor’s instructions to avoid delays.