The U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recently released a scientific report with recommendations for the new edition of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines to be released at the end of 2015, including no longer setting limits on cholesterol intake, which was previously one of the core points of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines to control daily cholesterol intake of less than 300 mg per day. [Interpretation] Professor Ma Guangsheng, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, why did the U.S. relax the cholesterol limit? It is because there are great individual differences in the absorption of dietary cholesterol and the effect of cholesterol on blood lipids due to genetic and metabolic factors, and the high cholesterol intake of some people may also feedback inhibit their own cholesterol synthesis, so the cholesterol intake does not directly reflect the level of cholesterol in the blood. Japanese studies have also shown no association between cholesterol intake and stroke. The results of a 16-year study found that people with low cholesterol levels (150-200 mg per day) had twice as many heart disease deaths as those with high cholesterol levels (>300 mg). These findings suggest that cholesterol intake should not be overly restricted or lowered. With the news that cholesterol is no longer restricted in the U.S., many people think they don’t have to guard against cholesterol-rich foods like eggs, animal offal, and squid anymore. There is no bad food, only incorrect eating habits, what kind of food can not be eaten as much as you want. Don’t take potatoes as dry food [reason] in early 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture website, China will start the potato staple food strategy, the potato processed into buns, noodles, rice flour and other staple foods, the potato will become rice, wheat, corn outside another staple food. Interpretation] China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, nutrition and food safety researcher He Li in the “China Nutrition Dietary Guidelines”, the first requires a variety of food, cereal-based, coarse and fine collocation; the second is to eat more vegetables, fruits and potatoes. In this sense, potatoes are among the vegetables. But because the potato can provide rich carbohydrates, dietary fiber and B vitamins, so it can be with rice, wheat, corn and called the four staple foods. Potatoes as a staple food is conducive to improving the nutritional structure of the diet of residents, from food consumption to nutritional health consumption change. Potatoes are rich in potassium, magnesium and beta carotene, beneficial to patients with diabetes and hypertension. And from the perspective of water conservation, potatoes require less water to grow, which is conducive to alleviating the pressure on resources and the environment and achieving sustainable agricultural development. Potato staple food is not snow, but the icing on the cake, is to let the people eat better, more nutritious and healthier. Fasting and starvation are not the same thing [reason] a new U.S. study found that fasting for just two days or more can restart the body’s immune system, which is certainly good news for those with compromised immune systems due to old age or cancer. The researchers said that fasting “encourages” the body to replace damaged “old” cells. The study was conducted on rats that are more resistant to starvation than humans, and the observed phenomenon may be linked to immunity. The authors’ conclusion is also only on the matter, speculating that fasting may help fight the immune function impairment caused by tumor chemotherapy. In fact, the researchers did not confirm this speculation in humans. The core of traditional Chinese fasting is “not eating the five grains”, not starvation. By not eating grains and avoiding the glucose-linked starches, it helps control blood sugar; by limiting energy intake, weight loss is achieved and blood lipids, blood sugar and blood pressure are normalized. The greatest benefit of abstaining from grains for the general public is to nourish their health. The realm of repudiation is not only to control the mouth, but also to perform qi with the heart, which is far from what modern people can do to lose weight with repudiation, and there is no need to verify it with such an isolated experiment. The monks got fatty liver even when they were vegetarians [reason] The researchers conducted a physical examination of 30 monks from two monasteries in Wuhan, Guiyuan Temple and Tiehuo Temple, and the results were surprising, with nearly half of them suffering from fatty liver. Isn’t it healthy to be a vegetarian? Why do monks who strictly follow the principles of vegetarianism also get fatty liver? [Interpretation] One of the reasons why monks who eat a vegetarian diet get fatty liver is the excessive intake of staple foods made of refined rice and white flour. Carbohydrates can be converted into fat in the body and accumulated in many parts of the organism, including the liver. In addition, monks as a group tend to be mainly quiet, sitting still and moving little is their main way of life, which can lead to fat accumulation in the body and make the liver suffer. People usually think that eating too much meat and fish will cause fatty liver, but in fact, poor diet structure is also another cause of fatty liver. The findings of this survey remind people once again, do not think that eating vegetarian is healthy, as long as the diet is not balanced sooner or later will have problems. The reason for this is that the House of Commons voted to allow doctors to use another woman’s egg cells to make up for the genetic defects in the baby’s mother’s egg cells to prevent genetic diseases from being passed on to the next generation. What is the disease treated by “three-parent parenting”? The technique is called mitochondrial replacement. The basic principle is to find the mitochondria of a healthy woman’s eggs and replace the defective mitochondria of the mother’s eggs to avoid the defective mitochondria from affecting the next generation, and to pass on the healthy genes. Since the father’s genetic material is present in the sperm and 99.9% of the mother’s genetic material is in the nucleus, the woman who donates the cytoplasm introduces only 0.1% of the baby’s total genes. Therefore, genetics is not “one father, two mothers” in nature. It has been said that triple parenthood can be a boon to people with genetic disorders. From the point of view of parents who want to have healthy children, it makes sense to use this technique, but it does not take into account the feelings of the children. How will the children born through this technique feel when they are told the truth? The reason is that after the preventive removal of both mammary glands in 2013, the Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie had another surgery on March 24. The New York Times announced on March 24 that she had had her ovaries and fallopian tubes removed as a precautionary measure for fear of developing ovarian cancer. The company’s main goal is to provide the best possible service to its customers. But this does not mean that such a practice deserves to be adopted by more people. Preventive removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes does not prevent 100% of reproductive system tumors and specific types of ovarian cancer. This is because eliminating all risks is impossible, and genetic testing is not as reliable as it could be at this stage. There is more than one solution to any health problem, and it is most important that you understand these methods and choose the one that works best for you under the guidance of your doctor. Julie’s approach does not advocate people to follow suit, she has strong human and material resources behind her, which are unaffordable for ordinary people. There are four triggers for the recurrence of breast cancer [Cause] In mid-January, the famous young singer Yao Beina died in Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University due to the recurrence of breast cancer. Yao Beina had radical surgery, but it didn’t take long for her to recur. What factors can be the trigger for breast cancer recurrence? [Interpretation] Li Jinfeng, Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital Compared with other malignant tumors, most breast cancers have better treatment results. The probability of recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer is closely related to the patient’s personal constitution, molecular typing and cancer stage. Whether breast cancer recurs after treatment is related to the following four factors. First, it is determined by the pathological and biological characteristics of breast cancer itself. Second is whether the treatment is standardized. Third is the patient’s own physical condition, organ function and psychological factors. The fourth is age. Although some of the causes of tumor recurrence are difficult to control, there are still some that you can do yourself, such as going to regular hospitals for standardized treatment, regular review, active exercise, maintaining an optimistic state of mind, and so on. A second opinion is needed after cancer diagnosis [Reason] After cancer diagnosis, patients often go to two extremes. One is to consult several hospitals, repeatedly consult more than ten or even dozens of doctors, constantly ask acquaintances to consult experts in the process of treatment, and keep changing hospitals. On the other hand, they only subscribe to one doctor and have no doubt about the doctor and treatment method. In fact, after cancer diagnosis, what patients should do is to ask and follow one. 【Interpretation】 Zhang Xiaotian, Deputy Chief Physician of Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital Patients can consult 2~3 experienced doctors from big hospitals, integrate various opinions and understand them deeply before making a decision. Patients should first choose a suitable hospital, and after observation and comparison, choose a doctor who is serious and responsible, good at communication, and actively participates in academic activities, not necessarily a specialist or a professor, but should establish a relationship of mutual trust and try to “end with one”. Not only tumor, but also any chronic disease treatment and follow-up should not be “one shot to another place”, otherwise it will only end up with the result of “no one can manage and no one wants to manage”. The reason: 42-year-old Mr. Wu was rushed to the emergency department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital with sudden onset of chest pain after playing soccer with some friends. When Mrs. Wu arrived at the news, Mr. Wu’s life was in danger due to myocardial infarction, and the doctor immediately approached her to talk and needed her to sign for the surgery. Mrs. Wu was dumbfounded by the suddenness of the incident. Mr. Wu endured the pain and instructed her, “Try to cooperate with the doctor.” So she signed decisively and agreed to the surgery. In the end, Mr. Wu was successfully saved. [Interpretation] Yang Shuling of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, the doctor and patient trust each other and work together, “survive” is the common goal. This true story tells us that the prerequisite for being a smart patient is to trust the medical staff. Many diseases are rapid, fast-moving and extremely dangerous, requiring emergency intervention by doctors, including surgery. And this is the time when mutual trust and tacit cooperation between doctors and patients are most needed to fight for every chance of survival. If you are defensive of the people around you, including doctors, you may miss out on many valuable things in life, or even lose your life. Predation on bats harms people and themselves [Reason] In some areas in the south of China, there are still people who like to eat bats. Experts point out that bats carry a large number of deadly viruses, and predation on bats undoubtedly greatly increases the possibility of exposure to viruses and fatal diseases. [Interpretation] The research of Kim Dong-Yan, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, shows that SARS-like viruses are transmitted from bats to civets and other wild animals, and then to humans; the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus similarly originates from bats. Bats are natural carriers of many viruses and may carry more than 60 viruses, e.g., bats can carry Ebola virus without having any disease themselves. If a person eats a bat that appears healthy but actually carries a virus, he or she may be at risk of contracting the disease. In addition, bats are the most important pollinators in agricultural production systems and also help control pests and diseases, and their presence provides for the sustainability of the ecosystem. There is no need to focus on bats when there are so many different kinds of food available to humans.