Brain tumors include primary brain tumors (e.g. glioma, meningioma, etc.) as well as metastatic brain tumors (e.g. lung cancer metastasizing to the brain). Brain tumors, due to their own growth characteristics, often have poorly defined borders with normal brain tissue and therefore require a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Microsurgical resection is usually the first stop of treatment. However, due to the importance of brain tissue function, surgery is generally not possible to remove the tumor in its entirety. Remaining tumors must be controlled by subsequent radiation and chemotherapy. Take the most common brain tumor, glioblastoma, for example, after surgery alone, patients can only survive for 6-7 months on average, and almost no patients can survive for more than 5 years; however, after radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapy on top of surgery, many patients can survive for about 2 years, and nearly 10% of patients can survive for more than 5 years. Therefore, the treatment of brain tumors must be a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Each brain tumor patient has different nature and different location, therefore, the treatment plan for brain tumor patients must be customized and individualized. Lin Qingtang, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University