Barium meal and barium fluoroscopy are one and the same, referring to barium meal fluoroscopy, which is an aid in the evaluation of upper gastrointestinal diseases or symptoms. A barium meal is an X-ray that is used to visualize the general shape of the upper gastrointestinal tract and the location of lesions after the administration of medical barium sulfate. The scope of barium meal fluoroscopy is the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Barium sulfate is a white powder that does not dissolve in water. It is mixed with water to form a suspension and can be taken directly by mouth to observe the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract under X-ray. Barium meal fluoroscopy is generally used in two situations: 1. Barium meal imaging may be considered in patients with contraindications to gastroscopy and in elderly patients. 2. In the need to assess the patient’s gastric emptying function, esophageal peristalsis or the need for gastroesophageal reflux, barium meal contrast examination is more advantageous than gastroscopy. Before the barium meal examination, patients need to fast for more than 6 hours and take barium sulfate suspension in an empty stomach. In addition, if the patient has perforation of the digestive tract, bleeding, acute gastrointestinal inflammation, etc., the barium meal fluoroscopy should not be used. Barium meal fluoroscopy is mainly used to diagnose upper gastrointestinal diseases, patients should not judge or diagnose on their own based on the results of a test report, they should consult a doctor in time, who will analyze and diagnose according to the specific situation.