The four liver tests are tests for glutamic oxalyl transaminase, glutamic alanine transaminase, glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the patient’s blood.
Significant elevation of glutamic transaminase in the patient suggests parenchymal liver damage. Glutathione is also mostly found in cardiac muscle cells and can be used as an adjunctive test for cardiac disease such as myocarditis.
Glutamyl transaminase is also diagnostic of parenchymal damage out of hepatocytes, and once the value deviates from normal, it indicates a liver lesion. A patient’s recent overexertion, heavy alcohol consumption, and mood swings can cause high glutathione, which is usually not higher than 60 U/L.
Elevated glutamyl transferase indicates that the patient may have liver-related diseases such as acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcoholic liver, drug-related liver disease, and fatty liver.
Alkaline phosphatase is mainly used to screen for liver-related diseases such as primary liver cancer, obstructive jaundice, secondary liver lesions, and cholestatic liver disease. When the value is significantly elevated, it is mostly caused by jaundice, liver lesions, liver cancer, etc. Conditions such as pregnancy and osteoporosis in women can also lead to elevated alkaline phosphatase within the serum.