Inflammation of the reproductive tract is one of the most important factors causing male infertility. Inflammation affects reproductive function in several ways: inflammation itself can cause destruction of spermatogenic tissues and impair spermatogenic function such as testicular tuberculosis and acute orchitis associated with mumps, the former causing direct destruction of testicular structures and the latter causing degenerative lesions in the spermatogenic epithelium. Inflammation disrupts the blood-testis barrier causing self-production of anti-sperm antibodies. The inflammatory reaction causes the tissue to form scar tissue causing narrowing and obstruction of the lumen of the reproductive tract, or even complete atresia, so that sperm cannot be transported outward. Inflammatory endocrine secretions and toxins secreted by pathogens severely poison sperm causing sperm poisoning, death, decomposition, shortened life span, or sperm agglutination, reducing the ability of sperm to inseminate. Inflammation can lead to changes in the physicochemical properties of seminal plasma reducing the viability of spermatozoa. Some inflammation itself (e.g. chronic prostatitis, sperm testitis) can also cause sexual dysfunction such as ED, premature ejaculation, etc. making it difficult for the wife to conceive. Therefore, for those who have reproductive tract infections and are looking forward to having children, they should actively treat reproductive tract infections.