Lung replacement surgery, or lung transplantation, has an approximate success rate of 80% and a 5-year survival rate of 40% to 50%. The success rate of lung transplantation is related to the skill of the operator, whether there is a shortage of donors, and the rejection of the recipient. Lung transplantation is difficult and risky, therefore, it requires a high level of skill on the part of the operator, and it is recommended that it should always be performed under the supervision of a specialized doctor. Meanwhile, due to the shortage of lung transplant donors, some people may even die due to serious illness while waiting for a donor. In addition, the success rate of lung transplantation will be affected if the recipient’s lung disease is very serious, or if other important organs, such as the heart, kidneys, liver, etc., have severe functional damage; when the body’s rejection of the donor lungs is severe, it will also lead to the failure of the operation. Therefore, the current success rate of lung transplantation is around 80%, and the 5-year survival rate is 40% to 50%. It is recommended to follow up regularly after lung transplantation, and to diagnose and treat any abnormalities promptly.