Thickening of the thyroid gland has certain effects on the body, and the specific effects mainly affect the body’s thyroid function. The thickening of the thyroid gland indicates an enlarged gland in the thyroid gland, in which there is an overgrowth of the thyroid follicular tissue. When the follicles are hyperplastic, the iodine uptake rate increases and the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones increases, which can easily lead to thyroid disorders, such as hyperthyroidism, and long-term hyperthyroidism can lead to overworked or even destroyed follicles, which may reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones and lead to another type of thyroid disorder, hypothyroidism. Therefore, once thyroid enlargement is detected during a clinical examination, it should be actively prevented and treated, otherwise it may have adverse effects on the body.