Monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus that is homologous to the smallpox virus, and although the symptoms are similar to those of smallpox, human infections with monkeypox virus are generally less severe, with a much lower mortality rate. Monkeypox virus was first found in green monkeys and is now known to infect monkeys, rodents, rabbits, and humans. Cases of monkeypox virus infection in humans were first identified in 1970 in Zaire, Central Africa and West Africa. After monkeypox virus infects humans, patients usually have an incubation period ranging from 6 to 16 days, followed by symptoms such as headache, fever, and rash. Since May 2022, there have been suspected and confirmed cases of monkeypox virus infection in the United Kingdom and the United States, and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), these cases are usually associated with cross-border travel or cross-border animal trade. There is currently no effective treatment for monkeypox. Avoid contact with wildlife as much as possible, and be careful to disinfect wildlife after contact.