Hereditary allergies are the main intrinsic cause of eczema in infants and young children. Heterogeneous protein components in foods such as milk, eggs, fish, shrimp, beef and mutton, food additives, preservatives, preservatives, beverages, etc. can act as allergens and cause eczema. Not only food, but also physical factors in the living environment, such as climate change, high indoor temperatures, over-warm clothing and bedding, excessive heat and humidity, or cold, as well as too much soap and hot water baths, can also stimulate the onset of the disease. Some infants, especially in the neonatal period, due to maternal estrogen through the placenta to the fetus, so that the newborn sebum increase, seborrheic eczema. Over-nutrition of obese children, often due to a strong appetite, excessive food, and cause spitting, indigestion, diarrhea or constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders, so that the condition is aggravated. In addition, pollen, dust mites, animal fur or woolen products in the surrounding environment, and even teething, acne and vaccination can trigger or aggravate allergic symptoms. Most cases of infantile eczema occur in the first few days or months of life. It begins as small red papules or red spots that are scattered or clustered, gradually increasing in number, with small blisters, scales and scabs. The lesions are symmetrical, itching is obvious, scratching can cause vesicles, oozing, crusting, and in severe cases can involve the scalp and the whole face or even the whole body. Secondary infection can be seen after the pus bot, and there are localized lymph node enlargement, fever and so on. Symptoms of infantile eczema 1, seborrheic small infants within three months, forehead, cheeks, between the eyebrows skin flushed, covered with greasy scabs, the top of the head is a thick yellow plasma scabs. Later, under the chin, the back of the neck, armpits and groin may have rubbing, flushing and oozing, we call seborrheic eczema. The child can be cured after 6 months when the diet is improved. 2, oozing type Mostly seen in 3-6 months obese infants, both cheeks can be seen symmetrical rice grain size red papules, accompanied by small blisters and erythema into a sheet, there are ulceration, oozing, scab, especially itchy so that scratching out the bloodstained scratches and bright red eczema surface. If the treatment is not timely, can be generalized to the whole body, but also secondary infection. 3, dry type Mostly seen in 6 months – 1 year old children, manifested as the face, limbs, trunk outer patchy dense pimples, redness, hard chaff-like flaking and scaly crust, no oozing, we also known as dry eczema. It is mostly seen in thin infants. Eczema has a certain degree of self-healing, decreasing after the age of one week. Treatment of eczema in infants Overall treatment principles What kind of medication is used to treat eczema is based on eczema manifestations, such as redness, swelling, oozing should be selected solution cold wet compresses, not ointment; erythema, papules can be used in lotions, emulsions, mud creams, oils, etc.; blisters, vesicles, the need to use oils; the manifestation of scales, scabs, with ointment. Eczema can use a variety of drugs, should be used under the guidance of a doctor. Before replacing any new medication, make sure to remove the previously used medication. When replacing drugs, it is best to first rub in a small piece of eczema, observe the effect, to decide whether to use. Avoid aggravation of the condition due to improper use of drugs. For babies with less severe eczema, only topical medication is needed, but you can’t abuse the medication on your own to avoid causing skin damage or infection. Cold wet compresses (1) commonly used 1: 10,000 potassium permanganate solution wet compresses (pay attention to be sure to make potassium permanganate completely dissolved, undissolved potassium permanganate will burn the baby’s skin), not only to make the wound clean, but also to play the role of antiseptic astringent and oxidative effect. (2) 4 to 6 layers of fine gauze, in order not to drip for moderation, the wet gauze on the wound, according to the amount of eczema exudate to determine the time and frequency of replacement, when the gauze absorbed exudate has reached the degree of semi-saturation, the gauze will be replaced. Two to three times a day. Exudate more, wet dressings should be more diligent replacement of dressings, to avoid full of exudate absorption of dressings for a long time to stay in the wound, stimulate the surrounding normal skin, resulting in the expansion of the wound. (3) For large areas of eczema, the nature of the drug, concentration and the size of the wet dressing area, to give appropriate attention. (4) If the redness and swelling of the wound gradually subside, ooze is reduced, the wound has been dried, you can stop the wet compresses, change the paste. (5) When applying cold wet compresses, please note: the area of wet compresses should not be more than 1/3 of the whole body area, so as to avoid excessive evaporation of the body surface, resulting in dehydration. The liquid of wet compress should not be too cold, otherwise it will easily cause compensatory vasodilation and cause cold. When the room temperature is low, the liquid should be warmed up before applying wet compresses. If infected, the gauze should be washed and sterilized (can be boiled and sterilized) before reuse. Wet compresses should be freshly prepared to prevent the deterioration of the solution from affecting the effect. The application of corticosteroid-containing drugs: (1) the efficacy of corticosteroid-containing drugs applied externally to eczema is certain, and it can be chosen for mild eczema or small eczema; for eczema with large area or recurrent eczema, if frequent or large amount of corticosteroid-containing drugs are applied for a long time, there will be systemic and localized skin side effects, not to mention systemic side effects, and localized skin side effects reminds us that we need to be careful with our choices. (2) The more prominent local skin side effects of corticosteroid-containing drugs are drug-dependent dermatitis and rebound dermatitis. Drug-dependent dermatitis refers to eczema can not stop using corticosteroid drugs. Rebound dermatitis refers to the topical use of corticosteroids, eczema can be rapidly improved, but once the drug is discontinued, within one or two days of the drug site (especially the face) can occur redness, tenderness, itching, cracking, flaking, so that pustules, eczema is more serious, when reapplied hormone, the condition quickly improved or disappeared; such as stopping the drug, rebound dermatitis reoccurring and is more serious than before. So try to avoid longer or short-term high-dose topical corticosteroids. Leukotriene antagonist: Research shows that eczema and asthma pathogenesis is similar, leukotriene antagonist (trade name Shun Er Ning) has the anti-allergic effect of corticosteroid without the side effects of corticosteroid, it is a precise effect of the prevention and treatment of asthma drugs. We clinically found that Shun Er Ning used in the treatment of infantile eczema has good results, the application method is: infant nightly dose of 2 ~ 2.5 mg, generally serving 2 weeks of eczema disappeared, severe infantile eczema disappeared in about 1 month. If you pay attention to family care in the future, baby eczema baby can get rid of the pain of eczema. Other treatments: Method 1: can be taken after dinner or bedtime antihistamines or sedatives to stop itching and auxiliary anti-allergy. Method 2: avoid re-stimulation, common exogenous re-stimulation are scratching, friction, soap washing, hot water scalding, improper use of medication and so on. Seborrheic eczema must not be washed with soap and water, only often apply some vegetable oil, so that the scabs gradually soften, and then removed. Method 3: If the eczema baby fever, skin redness and swelling aggravated, yellow purulent discharge or lymph node enlargement, etc., suggests that the baby’s eczema has been infected, can not be self-service antibiotics, should be under the guidance of the doctor to choose antibiotics. Method 4: for special types of pinworm eczema, in addition to local treatment also need to treat deworming disease, most of the drugs to drive pinworms within 2 years old is not allowed to serve, so only by paying attention to hygiene to remove pinworms, the good thing is that deworming life is only 20-30 days, parents as long as the baby’s clothes and pants for a month every day, bed linen, etc., with boiling water, toys, thoroughly disinfected, the baby’s hands, wash, do not put their hands in their mouths, can cut off the path of deworming, and the baby’s hands, the baby’s hands are not in the mouth, the baby’s hand is not in the mouth. It is possible to cut off the way of deworming. Colostrum contains a high level of special anti-infective substances (medically known as secretory IgA), to improve the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract immunity is beneficial, but the prevention and treatment of baby eczema has no direct effect. In addition to the treatment of baby eczema, more critical is the family care prevention. Nursing care for babies with eczema 1, do not use hot water to take a bath, change the soap for the shower gel; after bathing while the skin moisture dry large area coated with emollient oil (silicone cream, skin cream, etc.); 2, it is recommended that the mother to give a light, easy to digest food, avoid spicy, greasy food; 3, should avoid direct contact with woolen fabrics to the skin; lesions should be avoided to the stimulation of hot water and soap; 4, infants should be paid special attention to adjusting their diets, breastfeeding overfeeding, nutritional Overfeeding and overnutrition can lead to digestive abnormalities and aggravate eczema.