The cure rate for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is affected by the specific type and treatment, with an overall cure rate of about 20% in general. With hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the cure rate is usually about 40%.
The 2-year survival rate for myelodysplastic syndromes is 75%-79.2%, and the 4-year survival rate is 25%-28.6% with active treatment. If the patient is able to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a cure is expected. Survival time varies according to different clinical subtypes.
1. RA and RARS type: i.e. refractory anemia (RA) and cyclic iron granulocytic RA, with anemia as the main manifestation, the average survival is 3-6 years, and there is a 5%-15% leukemia transformation rate;
2. RAEB and RAEB-t type: i.e. refractory anemia with primitive cellular proliferation (RAEB) and RAEB transformation type, which is mainly characterized by thrombocytopenia of whole blood cells and is prone to anemia, hemorrhage and infection, and may be accompanied by splenomegaly. The disease progresses rapidly, with an average survival period of 5-12 months, and the leukemia transformation rate of RAEB is up to 40% or more;
3. CMML: i.e. chronic granulocytic-monocytic leukemia, mainly with anemia as the main symptom, accompanied by infection, bleeding and splenomegaly, with an average survival period of 20 months and a leukemia transformation rate of about 30%.
In the clinic, treatment is mostly combined with supportive therapy such as transfusion of red blood cells and platelets, and the use of erythropoietin to improve hematopoietic function. For those with relatively severe conditions, or those with milder conditions but with transfusion dependency, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be considered.
If the transplantation is successful, there is a possibility of cure. Even if it is not completely cured, the survival time and survival rate can be improved to a certain extent after the above treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that patients actively treat the disease to avoid delays.