The clinical significance of urine occult blood test can come to clarify whether the disease is of glomerular origin, and the diagnosis can be further clarified by urinary routine and urinary aberrant red blood cell examination. If the disease is of glomerular origin, generally positive urine occult blood and urinary aberrant red blood cells greater than 85%, active renal preservation treatment is required, the most common clinical disease is IgA nephropathy. If glomerular-derived disease is excluded, urinary tract infection, urinary tract stone, urinary tract tumor, urinary tract tuberculosis, etc. can be considered. The diagnosis can be further clarified by tumor marker examination and urinary tract ultrasound, urinary tract CT, tuberculosis antibody and other related examinations, and symptomatic treatment such as surgical stone extraction or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be performed if necessary.