Lumbar disc herniation is a common disease that affects people’s lives, mostly in young adults between the ages of 20 and 50. The main clinical manifestations and signs of lumbar disc herniation. (1) Pain in the low back; the pain is deep and difficult to locate. (2) Radiating pain in the lower extremities; the radiating pain in the lower extremities is aggravated when the intra-abdominal pressure increases such as coughing, sneezing and urination and defecation. (3) Numbness and sensory abnormalities; the early stage is mostly manifested as skin hypersensitivity in the innervated area under pressure, and gradually numbness, tingling and hyperalgesia appear. Some patients may develop muscle atrophy and muscle weakness in the lower limbs. (4) Equine caudal nerve symptoms; manifested as numbness and tingling in the perineum, defecation and urination disorders. In severe cases, symptoms such as loss of control of urination and defecation and incomplete paralysis of both lower limbs may occur. (5) In patients suffering from lumbar disc herniation in the acute stage or when the nerve root is significantly compressed, the patient may develop claudication, one hand on the waist or fear of weight bearing on the affected side. In a few cases, there is even a protective lumbar bending to one side. The diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation relies mainly on the medical history. and physical signs, and the patient has the above symptoms, which are confirmed by imaging (CT, MRI or intravertebral angiography) data to make the diagnosis. Approximately 80-90% of patients with the disease can be treated by non-surgical methods to bring about symptom relief. Commonly used non-surgical treatments include rest in a rigid bed, a lumbar brace, traction, physical therapy, functional exercises for the muscles of the low back, and medications for dehydration, anti-inflammation and nerve nutrition. Only patients who have failed conservative treatment or have progressive exacerbations require surgery, and for patients who choose incisional surgery, a significant proportion can be treated with minimally invasive surgery. Among the most cutting-edge surgical procedures in minimally invasive spine surgery: percutaneous laser disc vaporization and decompression and percutaneous plasma ablation of the intervertebral disc are advantageous. The surgery is local anesthesia, minimally invasive surgery does not destroy the bone structure, less bleeding, fewer complications, faster postoperative recovery, less pain for patients, recent efficiency exceeds 90%, and immediate postoperative results are satisfactory. Some patients said figuratively: I really did not expect that a needle could be used to treat lumbar disc herniation. The Department of Spine Surgery of Dalian Orthopedic Hospital was the first in the province to carry out percutaneous laser disc vaporization decompression and percutaneous disc radiofrequency ablation in 1992, which relieved the pain of many patients with lumbar disc herniation. In the past 10 years, due to the progress of medical research and the in-depth understanding of lumbar disc herniation disease and the intensification of degeneration of adjacent segments after fusion of lumbar spine, the non-fusion method has been gradually carried out, which is a kind of fixation designed to control abnormal motion between lumbar vertebrae or allow physiological motion between lumbar vertebrae, which can guarantee normal spinal motion and load transfer, compared with fusion surgery. The fusion technique implants a special spinal elastic fixation system after removal of the intervertebral disc to bring it closer to the physiological state, which avoids or delays the occurrence of degeneration of the adjacent segment after fusion surgery, also called dynamic fixation or soft fixation. The procedure has a small traumatic surface, low bleeding, and fast recovery. It expands the new field of technology for the treatment of spinal disorders, and the success rate of short- and medium-term surgery has reached or even exceeded the same level as traditional surgical methods. It is mainly indicated for young patients, single segment, mild degeneration and instability, and can also be applied to adjacent segments of patients undergoing lumbar fusion. Artificial disc replacement is also a scientific and rational treatment for lumbar disc lesions. Simply put, it is a surgical replacement of a diseased disc with an artificially manufactured device that resembles the structure and function of a normal disc. It is generally used for men under the age of 60 and women under the age of 50, with mild degeneration and instability, discogenic low back pain, and recurrence after discectomy, artificial disc replacement can be considered. It is possible to get down to the ground early after surgery, has a quick recovery, preserves the movement of the lumbar spine, and is less likely to recur. Other commonly used surgical method is trans-posterior discectomy disc removal, and the success rate of the operation has now generally reached more than 95%. Due to the long duration of the disease or the age of the patient, severe aging of the lumbar spine, and patients who are not suitable for dynamic fixation and artificial lumbar disc replacement, screws need to be placed in the body to fix the operated site and fuse the operated segments. This type of fixation and fusion is also the more established treatment for severe disc herniation, with an excellent rate of treatment usually above 90%. In daily life and work, patients with lumbar disc herniation should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and strengthen the muscles of the lumbar back to enhance muscle strength to balance the spine. The mattress should be soft and hard when sleeping, so that the soft tissues of the whole body can be rested and relaxed. Try to avoid working in a fixed position for a long time. It is important to note that lumbar disc herniation surgery, like any other surgery, carries certain risks and complications. Patients should choose a regular major hospital to receive treatment, especially to choose an experienced physician to perform the surgery, and should have a certain understanding of their condition before the surgery to assist the physician to choose the most appropriate surgery method, which will enable you to get complete relief from your pain.