Xiao Wang is a girl who just graduated from college, now 23 years old, and just joined the workforce for 2 years. During this year’s physical examination, the doctor found an “enlarged thyroid gland” after feeling the neck, suspecting thyroid disease, and suggested that Xiao Wang go to the hospital for consultation. Wang went to the hospital for laboratory tests, which showed normal levels of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and normal TSH. However, the levels of TPO and TG antibodies were significantly higher, with 300-500 IU/ml, and the ultrasound of the thyroid gland indicated “diffuse thyroid lesions”. This made Wang very nervous and he did not sleep for two days. TPO and TG antibodies are antibodies produced by the body against the thyroid gland. They appear not only in women in their 20s and 30s, but also in women in their 40s and 60s, and the levels generally increase with age. What are antibodies? An analogy may help us understand the concept better. A country, needs to have bullets and shells to deliver a blow in case of an invasion by a foreign enemy. Likewise, at every moment, the human body is in danger of invasion by bacteria and viruses. Antibodies are the bullets and shells produced in the human body against foreign bacteria and viruses. Without antibodies, the body would have no resistance. But sometimes the bullets can go off, and the bullets that were aimed at foreign bacteria and viruses are now attacking the thyroid, destroying the thyroid as a vital plant. The higher the level of these antibodies and the more bullets, the more damage the thyroid plant suffers, until finally the thyroid plant is severely damaged, producing less thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and developing hypothyroidism. This process, however, takes 5-10 years in some people and 20-40 years in others. Therefore, elevated TPO antibodies and TG antibodies suggest that the patient is at increased risk of developing hypothyroidism in the future, but if the productivity of the thyroid gland is currently normal (that is, T3 and T4 are normal), interventional therapy may not be necessary. Patients need to have their thyroid function reviewed at 1-3 year intervals and once thyroid hormone deficiency is detected, thyroid hormone supplementation can be given. It is very simple and easy to do. So, are there medications that can lower the levels of TPO antibodies and TG antibodies to protect the thyroid more? The answer is yes. There are a variety of immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids that can lower the levels of TPO and TG antibodies. However, as mentioned above, these drugs also cause a significant reduction in the number of multiple bullets and shells in the body, thus reducing the body’s immunity. In the event of a viral or bacterial infection (e.g., tuberculosis infection), the body can suffer serious damage. Therefore, combining the pros and cons, doctors do not give such medications to patients in clinical practice, considering the serious side effects that these drugs may bring. In conclusion, if only TPO antibody and TG antibody levels are elevated, there is no need to worry and monitoring and observing T3 and T4 levels is sufficient. If there are signs of insufficient thyroid hormone production, thyroid hormone supplementation may be given.