Normal people urinate 1000-2000 ml a day, and the normal discharge of fresh urine is light yellow, which is due to the presence of a yellow urine pigment in the urine. However, the color of urine can also be dark or light with the amount of water drunk. Drink more water, more urine, urine in the proportion of urine pigment is small, the color is light; drink less water, urine in the proportion of urine pigment is large, the color appears yellow. The body’s daily waste and urine pigments are generally relatively constant, so the color of urine does not vary greatly. Urine is 96%-99% water, and most of the other is waste, such as uric acid and creatinine. But did you know that urine doesn’t always have to be light yellow, it can also be colorful, it just means different things. Colorless urine Colorless urine can be a sign of diabetes, chronic interstitial nephritis, or uremia, and should be identified if it is not the result of drinking too much water. White urine White urine is commonly seen in purulent urine, celiac disease, and salt urine. Purulent urine is caused by severe urinary tract septic infection and has a milky white color. Purulent urine can be seen in pyelonephritis, cystitis, renal abscesses, urethritis, or severe renal tuberculosis. Celiac disease is one of the main symptoms of filariasis, with urine as white as milk. Because the celiac fluid (fatty saponified liquid) absorbed by the intestine cannot be drained from the normal lymphatic vessels into the blood circulation, it can only flow backwards into the lymphatic vessels in the urinary system, causing the lymphatic vessels in the urinary system to increase in internal pressure, varicose and rupture causing the celiac fluid to overflow into the urine, and celiac disease occurs. Celiac disease is usually paroxysmal. When red blood cells are present in celiac disease, it is called celiac hematuria. Microfilariae (i.e., the causative agent of filariasis) can sometimes be found in the blood and urine of patients with celiac disease. Salt urine occurs mostly in children and is common in winter. The urine is rice-soup-like, mostly because the original contains a large amount of phosphate or uric acid, which is easy to precipitate when placed, and will immediately become clear when the urine is heated in a bottle. Salt urine is a normal physiological phenomenon. It can be cured without medication, and the key is to drink more plain water. Yellow urine Yellow urine refers to the urine is yellow or dark yellow. Its causes are: eating carrots, taking riboflavin, dysentery, methotrexate, rhubarb and other Chinese and Western medicines in the process, the urine can become yellow, once you stop taking, then disappear, no need to worry. Common fever or patients with vomiting and diarrhea symptoms because water is excreted with sweat or feces, the urine will be concentrated and reduced, and the urine pigment does not change, so that the color of urine appears yellow. If the urine is yellow like strong tea, it is not due to the above reasons, but the liver or gallbladder has a lesion. It turns out that there are usually two paths for bile to drain outward: one from the urine and one from the intestines. When the liver or gallbladder is diseased, the pathway of bile to the intestine is cut off, and the only way out is through the urine, and the urine becomes dark yellow because of the increased amount of bile. In the early stages of hepatitis, before jaundice appears, we can often see that the color of the urine is like strong tea, which is often a sign of hepatitis. Yellow, cloudy pus urine is a sign of pus in the urinary organs. Blue urine Blue urine can be seen in cholera, typhus, and in people with primary hypercalcemia and vitamin D toxicity. However, this color of urine is mostly related to medication and is not due to disease. It can appear after taking diuretics such as aminoglutethimide, methylene blue injection, or after taking methylene blue, indocyanine, wood distillate, or salicylic acid. It disappears when the drug is stopped. This kind of blue urine caused by taking medication is normal and should not be a cause for concern. Green urine: Green urine is seen when Pseudomonas aeruginosa is present in the urine, or when bilirubin urine is left for too long and oxidizes to bilirubin. Light green urine: This is seen after taking a lot of anti-inflammatory drugs. Dark green urine: The cause is the same as blue urine. Black urine Black urine is relatively rare and often occurs in patients with acute intravascular hemolysis, such as patients with falciparum malaria, medically known as black urine fever, which is one of the most serious complications of falciparum malaria. In such patients, there is a large amount of free oxygen and hemoglobin in the plasma, which is excreted with the urine and causes the urine to be dark red or black. Another few patients who take levodopa, methylphenidate and phenylhydrazine will also cause black urine discharge, which will disappear after stopping the drugs. Brown urine Brown urine (like the color of soy sauce) can be seen in acute nephritis, acute jaundiced hepatitis, kidney crush injury, large burns, hemolytic anemia, wrong type of blood transfusion, and even after strenuous exercise, the urine can also resemble the color of soy sauce. Sometimes the urine is brownish after waking up from sleep, and that is characteristic of paroxysmal sleep hemoglobinuria. If this urine appears after eating green fava beans, be alert to fava bean disease. This patient has a genetic deficiency of a substance called glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red blood cells. So when eating fava beans that occurs after brown urine, and fatigue, dizziness, nausea, skin, eyes yellowing, should be sent to the hospital in time to rescue, to prevent unpredictable. Red urine The red color of urine is mostly due to the presence of red cells in the urine, which is medically called hematuria. The causes of hematuria are very complex, and there are hundreds of diseases that can cause hematuria, and it is not so easy to diagnose correctly. If hematuria is accompanied by nose bleeding, gum bleeding, or skin bleeding, this may be a systemic bleeding disease at work, such as thrombocytopenia, allergic purpura, hemophilia, or even leukemia, etc. Blood in urine is just a manifestation of systemic bleeding. If hematuria is accompanied by fever, joint swelling and pain, skin damage, and damage to multiple organs, it may be a connective tissue disease (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, nodular arteritis, etc.). If hematuria is accompanied by hypertension, swelling, and proteinuria, it is more likely to be glomerulonephritis. If hematuria is accompanied by vague discomfort in the lower back and abdomen, urinary urgency, urinary frequency and pain, it is mostly urinary system infection or tuberculosis. If hematuria is accompanied by swelling and pain in the lower back or abdominal cramps on one side, kidney and ureteral stones are most likely, especially if it is so painful that you toss and turn in bed, it is mostly ureteral stones. If hematuria is accompanied by dyspareunia, labored urination and dribbling discharge of urine, in older men, it is mostly prostatic hypertrophy; in middle-aged men, urethral stricture, urethral stones or bladder tumor should be considered. The occurrence of microscopic hematuria visible to the naked eye or significant in people over 50 years of age, whether male or female, suggests the presence of a pathology in the urinary system. In particular, the sudden occurrence of painless hematuria is mostly a manifestation of tumor erosion of urinary drainage ducts causing ulceration and bleeding, and the slightest negligence will lose the time for effective treatment. The common feature of these tumors is hematuria in the whole process of urination. The bleeding from renal tumor can often stop naturally without any treatment, which makes patients think that the disease has been cured and stop seeking medical treatment. Since renal bleeding is first drained down through the ureter, it often forms long clots when passing through the ureter; for bleeding from bladder lesions, the clots are larger and irregular. In bladder tumor bleeding, the interval between the two times is shorter than that of renal tumor, and the number of urination is slightly increased than normal. The incidence of bladder cancer in heavy smokers is recognized by scholars at home and abroad, and it is especially important to be alert to painless hematuria in such elderly people. In men, after 50 years, the prostate gland has different degrees of hyperplasia, which affects the smooth discharge of urine and causes infection and congestion in the bladder mucosa and prostate gland, which can also cause venous rupture and produce painless hematuria, which should be distinguished from bladder tumors. Another common condition of painless hematuria in elderly women is endourethritis. It is characterized by a small amount of blood in the urine, often accompanied by fresh blood on hand paper; a long history of chronic urethritis; poor urination, bifurcation of the urinary stream and burning discomfort in the urethra; and a purple-red granulomatous growth, mostly spherical or hemispherical, located in the external urethral orifice that is visible to the naked eye. This is a benign lesion that can be cured by electrodesiccation, urethral dilatation and anti-inflammation. In addition, hematuria can be caused in cases like allergic purpura, epidemic hemorrhagic fever and lesions of adjacent organs of the urinary system, such as the appendix, rectum, colon, uterus and ovaries. After urinating, some young male patients will find milky white discharge from the urethra after urinating. As this symptom is accompanied by frequent urination, urethral irritation, as well as lumbago, dizziness, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, impotence and other symptoms, most patients often mistake this phenomenon of white dripping after urination for the omission of semen, treating it as the root of the disease of “body deficiency” and thus carrying the burden of thought. In fact, the white drops after urination is not what semen leakage, but due to chronic prostatitis. The white secretion that flows out is prostatic fluid, not semen. The actual fact is that you can get a lot more than just a few of these.