In fact, lumbar disc herniation is a rupture of part or all of the fibrous ring. The herniation mostly irritates or compresses the nerve roots or cauda equina of the spinal cord on one or both sides, and tissue congestion, edema or adhesions occur, as well as nerve degeneration producing sciatica or cauda equina symptoms. In addition, the narrowing of the vertebral space due to the herniated nucleus pulposus also alters the normal relationship of the associated small joints and ligaments, causing inflammation of the small joints and producing low back pain. The clinical symptoms of lumbar disc herniation are severe low back pain and sciatica on one side. Some people start with lumbar pain only and gradually become one side of the lower extremity pain and numbness; some people have lower extremity pain and numbness first, and then lumbar pain occurs. The pain often radiates to the buttocks, thighs, outer calves and soles of the feet. Coughing, sneezing, and straining to defecate can aggravate the pain and leg numbness, and the pain is also aggravated when the lumbar area is moved. Due to the location of the lumbar disc herniation and the degree of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, some have obvious pain when bending forward and less pain when bending backward; some have no pain when bending forward and obvious numbness in the legs when bending backward. Bed rest with bent knees can often reduce the pain. Individuals with severe pain are forced to take a special lying position to reduce pain. The onset of pain is mostly sudden and periodic, i.e., suddenly after resting and improving significantly. However, a significant number of patients present with atypical symptoms and an unclear history of injury. Lumbar disc herniation can be followed by a series of changes such as straightening of the physiological curvature of the lumbar spine, lordosis, scoliosis, narrowing of the intervertebral space, osteophytes at the vertebral body edges, and spinal stenosis. Due to the disruption of the physiological balance of the lumbar spine, it can also cause damage to the soft tissues around the lumbar area, such as interspinous ligament injury, gluteal epicutaneous nerve injury, pear-shaped muscle syndrome, sacroiliac joint injury and other lesions, causing many patients to have recurrent attacks and persistent treatment, which brings great pain to patients.