I. What is movement disorder disease? Movement disorders, as the name implies, are abnormalities in the patient’s motor function, manifested as slow movements, uncoordinated movements, uncontrollable movements such as tremors, hand dances, throwing movements, etc. The most common movement disorder disease in middle-aged and elderly patients is Parkinson’s disease. According to statistics, about 1% of the elderly population over 55 years old has Parkinson’s disease, and more than 1.7 million people in China have this disease, and in recent years Parkinson’s disease has a trend of rejuvenation, the proportion of young and middle-aged patients aged 20-40 years old has exceeded 10%. He Yan, Department of Neurology, Shandong Qianfo Mountain Hospital II. Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system, and the lesion is located in a part of the human brain called the midbrain. There is a group of nerve cells called nigrostriatal neurons, which synthesize a neurotransmitter called “dopamine”, and their nerve fibers project to other areas of the brain, such as the striatum, to regulate the brain’s motor functions. When more than 80% of these nigrostriatal neurons have degenerated and died, the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain decreases to the point where it cannot maintain the normal function of the regulatory nervous system and the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease appear. To date, however, the cause of Parkinson’s is still not well understood. Current research tends to link it to a combination of ageing, genetics and environmental toxins (such as pesticides and drugs) that damage neurons in the brain. Third, Parkinson’s disease patients often have what performance? 1, resting tremor: tremor is often the earliest manifestation of the disease, usually starting from the distal end of one side of the upper limb, with the thumb, index finger and middle finger as the main manifestation, as if the fingers were rolling pills or counting bills like movement. It then gradually extends to the ipsilateral lower limb and the contralateral limb. Tremor appears when the limb is at rest, and the tremor decreases or stops when changing position or movement, so it is called resting tremor 2. Muscle rigidity: The limbs and trunk of Parkinson’s disease patients usually lose their flexibility and become stiff. If you pick up the patient’s arm or leg and help him move the joint, you will clearly feel the stiffness of his limb, like bending a lead pipe back and forth. If there is tremor in the limb at the same time, there is a feeling of intermittent pauses, like when two biting gears are turning. 3. Motor retardation: In the early stage, due to the tonicity of the upper arm muscles and finger muscles, fine movements cannot be made, such as untying shoelaces, buttoning and other movements become much slower than before, or cannot be completed smoothly at all. The writing becomes smaller and smaller, which is called “lowercase syndrome”. Decreased facial muscle movement and dull expression, as if wearing a mask, called “mask face”. When walking, it is difficult to start, once the step is started, the body leans forward, the pace is small and faster, and cannot stop in time, called “panic gait”. In the advanced stage of the disease, the patient cannot stand by himself after sitting down, cannot turn over by himself after being bedridden, and cannot take care of himself in daily life. 4.Special posture: Due to the tonicity of limbs, trunk and neck muscles, most patients show a special posture: head tilted forward, trunk bent down, elbow joint flexed, wrist joint straightened, forearm inward, hip and knee joint slightly bent, called “flexed posture”, and in heavy cases, head bent down. 5, other manifestations: there may be plant nervous disorders, such as increased secretion of saliva and sebaceous glands, increased or reduced sweat secretion, constipation, etc.. Some patients may have dementia or emotional depression, anxiety and other manifestations. Fourth, can Parkinson’s disease be cured? At present, Parkinson’s disease cannot be cured, but there is no need to be afraid of the disease, and there is no need to be overly anxious, because Parkinson’s is not a fatal disease, and reasonable treatment generally does not affect life expectancy. The disease progresses relatively slowly, and if the patient receives reasonable treatment, he or she can maintain good motor function for 10 to 20 years. However, if patients fail to receive timely and reasonable treatment, the disease is likely to lead to a decline in physical function and even the inability to take care of themselves, and eventually various complications, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bedsores, etc. V. What are the treatments for Parkinson’s disease? 1, drug therapy: drug therapy is the main treatment method of Parkinson’s, commonly used drugs are compound levodopa such as methyldopa, Xanax, dopamine agonists such as Tazda, dopamine potentiators such as Kodan, anticholinergics such as Antan and amantadine. Among them, compound levodopa is the gold standard of treatment for Parkinson’s disease treatment and can be applied at any stage of Parkinson’s disease and at any age. 2.Surgical treatment: For those who are not satisfied with the long-term efficacy of medication or have obvious adverse drug reactions, surgical treatment can be considered. Currently, surgical treatment is based on the installation of a brain pacemaker, i.e., deep brain electrical stimulation, which stimulates the nuclei controlling movement in the human brain through a generator implanted in the body to control the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. 3.Stem cell transplantation and gene therapy: Currently, some Parkinson’s patients receive stem cell therapy, but its long-term effects and potential side effects have to be further observed. Gene therapy is under experimentation and has not been applied to Parkinson’s patients. 4.Rehabilitation: strengthening activities is also an important treatment for Parkinson’s disease. 5.Psychotherapy: A good state of mind and adjustment of heart can make Parkinson’s patients confident in overcoming the disease, and antidepressants can be taken if necessary. Late family care and care are essential to improve the quality of life.