Commonly used clinical anticoagulants include heparin, warfarin and new oral anticoagulants. Patients should choose appropriate drugs for treatment according to medical advice and their own conditions.1.Heparin: It can stop blood coagulation through various pathways and is a commonly used drug to prevent acute thrombosis, which can prevent the occurrence of venous thromboembolic disease, especially thrombosis related to orthopedic or general surgery; including common heparin as well as low molecular heparin.2.Warfarin: An oral anticoagulant that inhibits the absorption of vitamin K by Reduces the activity of coagulants associated with vitamin K. It is mainly used clinically for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, as well as for the prevention of thromboembolic complications caused by atrial fibrillation, heart valve disease or after prosthetic valve replacement; 3. New oral anticoagulants, which are new alternative options for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. They mainly include factor IIa inhibitors, such as dabigatran etexilate, with factor Xa inhibitors, such as rivaroxaban. Compared with warfarin, NOAC has the advantages of allowing fixed-dose therapy without routine anticoagulation monitoring and fewer interactions with food and other drugs, and its main clinical application is to replace warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Clinical use of NOAC should be selected according to the patient’s specific condition and under the guidance of a physician, and should not be used blindly.