Leukemia patients waiting for transplantation with anal fistula lesions should firstly control the infection, such as antibiotic treatment with piperacillin and other antibiotics, as well as perianal dressing change and sitz bath. 1. Domestic literature reports that the incidence of perianal infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is as high as 16.8%, and the percentage of patients who died due to perianal infection is as high as 20%. Therefore, it is very important to control the infection before transplantation, and sensitive antibiotic treatment (such as piperacillin tazobactam, levofloxacin, etc.) can be carried out. 2. Perianal dressing change, sitz bath (metronidazole plus concentrated saline), etc., is also an important means of local treatment of anal fistula lesions, should wait for the local control of symptoms, and then transplantation. Otherwise, hasty transplantation is easy to complicate serious infection. Peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently one of the effective methods for the treatment of leukemia. During the transplantation surgery, a large amount of chemotherapeutic drugs will be used, causing serious damage to the body’s immune function, which will easily lead to the occurrence of various infections. Leukemia patients waiting for transplantation, the emergence of anal fistula lesions, should be standardized treatment as soon as possible, the above medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor, avoid self-medication.