Patients with leukemia need to be re-evaluated after relapse, including bone marrow aspiration, understanding cytogenetic and molecular biological features to look for adverse prognostic factors. Induction remission chemotherapy needs to be given again after relapse, and the choice of treatment regimen is related to the duration of remission; generally, relapse is possible within 2 years of complete remission, and high-dose chemotherapy and cytarabine regimens can be given, or other newer regimens, such as Vinaclat, can be chosen. If the remission period is short and remission can be achieved, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation needs to be given as soon as possible with a view to achieving complete cure. Prompt and standardized treatment should be given after the relapse of leukemia, and the medication should not be stopped privately.