There are many causes of head swelling and pain, and many tests are involved, mainly based on the degree of head swelling and pain of the patient. If the head swelling pain is serious and lasts for a long time, it is considered to be caused by intracranial tumor or intracranial occupying lesion. Patients need to do CT head examination to clarify whether there is tumor or occupying lesion, and if there is, further CT enhancement or MRI enhancement examination should be done. If the patient’s head swelling and pain is not serious, it may be caused by elevated blood pressure and poor sleep, and the patient’s blood pressure should be measured. If the blood pressure is high, the patient should take oral antihypertensive medication as appropriate. If the blood pressure drops steadily and the symptoms are relieved, it is proved to be caused by hypertension. Elderly people may also have headache due to poor sleep, fatigue, or cerebral arteriosclerosis, etc. These patients can be clarified by doing transcranial Doppler examination.