Hard lumps in the neck are mainly caused by diseases of the thyroid gland, including nodular goiter, simple thyroid adenoma, and also malignant tumors of the thyroid gland known as thyroid cancer. For thyroid cancer, if the diagnosis is clear, surgery should be actively chosen to remove the lymph nodes and the prognosis is very satisfactory. Because malignant tumors of the thyroid gland are inert tumors, they develop slowly. For benign disease, if there is tracheal compression or secondary hyperthyroidism, it is also an indication for surgical treatment and requires excision of the lesion or partial or subtotal excision of the gland. After surgery, the thyroid gland should be monitored for changes in function. It is important to eat a reasonable diet, eat less and more often, take appropriate iodine-containing foods and seafood, and review the ultrasound of the thyroid gland.