There is no domestic vaccine for monkeypox, but some degree of cross-protection against the monkeypox virus exists in those who have been previously vaccinated against smallpox. A vaccine for the prevention of monkeypox was approved in the United States in 2019. Monkeypox is a zoonotic, contagious disease that is primarily caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. Animals such as monkeys and orangutans are the main infectious agents that cause infection in humans. There is currently no vaccine approved for the prevention of monkeypox in China, but smallpox vaccination has some cross-protection against monkeypox, with an effective rate of about 85%.In 2019, a vaccine for the prevention of monkeypox was approved in the United States, but there is no vaccine in China yet. To prevent monkeypox infection, daily care should be taken to avoid contact with wild animals and prevent scratches and bites. It is also necessary to avoid contact with secretions from infected animals or human broken skin areas and items contaminated by them, etc. to prevent infection. In order to avoid monkeypox virus infection in people in high-risk areas, special prophylaxis with smallpox vaccine can be used to avoid as much as possible the effects of monkeypox virus on human health.